虚拟语气用法结.pptVIP

虚拟语气  用法小结 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法 【提问】If youme about it, I would still be unaware of the facts. A. don’t tellB. didn’t tellC. haven’t told D. hadn’t told (Experiencing English Extended Book 4 Page 22) 该题中的句子表达的是真实情况吗？ 答：题目中的句子表达的是非真实情况，所涉及到的语法点为虚拟语气。用来表达不是客观存在的事实。 原句意为：如果你没有告诉我的话，我至今仍然没有意识到真正的事实。虚拟语气在句中表示“你没有告诉我”这一情况是虚假的，真实情况是“你把事实告诉了我”。 本句的虚拟语气处于与过去事实相反的非真实条件句中，同时，又是否定形式，因此，选择答案D hadn’t told。 虚拟语气表示说话人的一种愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测、建议等。虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法是最常见的，最多地用在表示条件的状语从句和表示结果的从句中。 表示与事实相反的虚拟语气，动词有三种时态形式，即现在、过去和将来。现将虚拟条件从句和主句的动词形式列表如下： 一、与现在事实相反 从句: 动词的过去式 (be的过去式一般用were) 主句: would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形例如： If I were you, I should buy it. 如果我是你，我就会买。 If I had time, I would study French. 如果我有时间，我会学法语。 If she knew English, she would not ask me for help. 要是她会英语，她就不用我帮忙了。 二、与过去事实相反 从句: had + 过去分词 主 句would/ should/ could/ might + have + 过去分词 例如：If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train. 如果早点起，你就能赶上那趟火车了。 The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful. 如果你更细心些，就不会把米饭烧糊了。 If I had known your telephone number, I would have called you at that time. 假如我知道你的电话号码，那时候我就给你打电话了。 三、与将来事实相反 从句：动词过去式；should + 动词原形或were to + 动词原形 主句：would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形 例如： If it were fine tomorrow, I would go shopping. 如果明天天气好，我就去购物。 If my boy friend should be a rich man, everything would be all right. 如果我男朋友会成为一个有钱人的话，那么事事都没问题了。 If the sun were to rise in the west, we would believe what you said. 如果太阳从西边升起，我们就相信你说的话。 错综时间的虚拟语气 在非真实条件句中还存在错综时间的虚拟语气，在使用时要注意主句与从句的时态。 例如： If he had attended the meeting yesterday (与过去事实相反), he would know the answer to the question now (与现在事实相反). 如果他昨天参加了会议，现在就知道问题的答案了。 If my brother hadn’t invested his money, he would give me a hand to buy the house. 如果我弟弟不把钱都作了投资，他会赞助我买房子的。 Had he received a few more votes in the election, he would be our chairman now. 要是他在选举中再多得几票，现在就是我们的主席了。 虚拟语气倒装 在含有虚拟语气的非真实条件句中，若从句中含有were，should和had这类词时可将这些词置于句首，省略if，构成倒装。 例如：Had he known the result，he would not have told his mother the news.=