化学物质命名规律1学习课件.pptVIP

Ask yourself (Objective – features of the paper) Who is going to read this? What is the problem has been solved? Which method did the author use? Is the work new and relevant(有关的；中肯的；有重大作用的 )? What are the contributions? Are there remaining unsolved questions? pentaaquahydroxoaluminum(III) ion diamminetrichloro(dimethylamine) cobalt(III) [Al(OH)(H2O)5]2+ [CoCl3(NH3)2{(CH3)2NH}] Chapter 2 Nomenclature of Organic Compounds Nomenclature of Hydrocarbons:（烃类命名法） 1）Aliphatic Hydrocarbons（FattyHydrocarbons， 脂肪烃） Number Prefix（数字前缀）： ??i). 总碳数≤10时（total C no. ≤10）： 甲: meth-; 乙: eth-; 丙: prop-; 丁: buta-; 戊: penta-; 己: hexa-; 庚: hepta-; 辛: octa-; 壬: nona-; 癸: deca-. 半, 1/2: hemi-, semi-; 单, 一: mono-, uni-; 3/2: sesqui-; 双, 两: di-, bi-, bis-. ii). 总碳数10时（total C no. 10）： 常用字头: 11: undeca, hendeca-; 12: dodeca-; 13: trideca-; 14: tetradeca-; 15:pentadeca-; 16: hexadeca-; 17: heptadeca-; 18: octadeca-; 19: nonadeca-; 20: eicosa-; 21: heneicosa-; 22: docosa-; 23: tricosa-; 24: tetracosa-; 25: pentacosa-; 26: hexacosa-; 27: heptacosa-; 28: octacosa-; 29: nonacosa-; 30: triaconta-; 31: hentriaconta-; 40: tetraconta-; 50: pentaconta-; 60: hexaconta-; 70: heptaconta-; 80: octaconta-; 90: enneaconta-. a. 烷烃（alkane）命名：数字头 + -ane. 例: 甲烷: methane; 庚烷: heptane; 癸烷: decane; 十三烷: tridecane; 十四烷: tetradecane; b. 烯烃（alkene ）命名：数字头 + -ene. （以a结尾的数字头去a加-ene .） 多烯的命名: 二烯类 数字头 + -diene ; 三烯类 数字头 + -triene . 例: 乙烯: ethene; 丁烯: butene; 丁二烯: butadiene; 丁三烯: butatriene ? c.???炔烃（alkyne ）命名：数字头 + -yne（有时是-ine） （以a结尾的数字头去a加-yne .） 多炔的命名: 二炔类 数字头 + -diyne . ?例: 乙炔: ethyne; 丁炔: butyne; 己二炔: hexadiyne 或 hexadiine 2）醇、酚、醚（Alcohol，Phenol，Ether）的命名： * 醇、酚：在相应的烃的名称后，去“-e”加“-