无线通信系第3章.pptVIP

Mobile Radio Propagation:Large-Scale Path Loss Spectrum VLF = Very Low Frequency , LF = Low Frequency , MF = Medium Frequency , HF = High Frequency , VHF = Very High Frequency, UHF = Ultra High Frequency, SHF = Super High Frequency,EHF = Extra High Frequency,UV = Ultraviolet Light, Frequency and wave length:? = c/f ,wave length ?, speed of light c ? 3x108m/s, frequency f Frequencies for mobile communication VHF-/UHF-ranges for mobile radio simple, small antenna for cars deterministic propagation characteristics, reliable connections SHF and higher for directed radio links, satellite communication small antenna, focusing large bandwidth available Wireless LANs use frequencies in UHF to SHF spectrum Free Space Propagation Model In free space, the received power is predicted by EIRPERP EIRP: Effective Isotropic Radiated Power Represents the maximum radiated power available from a transmitter in the direction of maximum antenna gain, as compared to an isotropic radiator. ERP: Effective Radiated Power ERP is used instead of EIRP to denote the maximum radiated power as compared to a half-wave dipole antenna (instead of an isotropic antenna). In practice, antenna gains are given in units of dBi (dB gain with respect to an isotropic sourse) or dBd (dB gain with respect to a half-wave dipole) Path Loss The path loss, which represents signal attenuation as a positive difference (in dB) between the effective transmitted power and the received power. The path loss for the free space model when antenna gains are included is given by quantity measured in dB, is defined as the When antenna gains are excluded, the antennas are assumed to have unity gain, and path loss is given by Log-distance path loss model Outdoor Propagation Models Okumura Model Hata model Feature of Indoor Radio Channel The distances covered are much smaller, and the variability of the environment is much greater for a much smaller range of T-R separation distances. It has been obse