Cance Vaccines肿瘤免疫.docVIP

Cancer Vaccines癌症疫苗 Cancer vaccines have been studied for several decades, but advances in this field have beenslower than for other forms of immunotherapy. They are still mostly experimental treatments at this time. 对癌症疫苗的研究进行了几十年，较其它免疫疗法而言，这个领域的进展可就缓慢的多。目前癌症疫苗通常仍在实验阶段 。 Most of us know about vaccines given to healthy people for infectious diseases, such as measles and mumps. These vaccines use weakened or killed viruses, bacteria, or other germs to start an immune response in the body. Putting the immune system on alert against these germs prevents people from being infected with them. 我们都熟悉使健康人们不受传染病侵害的疫苗，如麻疹和腮腺炎疫苗。使用被弱化的或是死亡的病毒、细菌或微生物制造的疫苗启动体内的免疫应答。使人体的免疫系统处在警觉的状态来防止被微生物感染。 Some cancer vaccines are designed to work the same way. For example, new vaccines against the human papilloma virus (HPV) may help prevent women from getting cervical cancer, and vaccines against hepatitis B virus (HBV) may lower some peoples risk of getting liver cancer. 一些“癌症疫苗”也是仿照这种方式设计的。例如：乳突淋瘤,papilloma 病毒疫苗可以帮助女性预防宫颈癌，乙肝病毒疫苗可以降低患肝癌的风险。 But these vaccines dont target cancer cells; they target viruses that can cause these cancers. True cancer vaccines are a little different. Instead of preventing disease, they are meant to get the immune system to attack a disease that already exists. 但是这些疫苗不将癌细胞作为靶子，而是将导致癌症的病毒作为靶子。真正的癌症疫苗对此有些小小的区别。没有起到防病的作用，而是使免疫系统攻击已经存在的疾病。 A cancer vaccine contains cancer cells, parts of cells, or pure antigens. The vaccine increases the immune response against cancer cells that are already present in the body. It may be combined with other substances or cells called adjuvants that help boost the immune response even further. 每种癌症疫苗包含癌细胞、或癌细胞的某个部分、或纯粹的抗原。这些疫苗增强了免疫应答来抵抗已经存在于体内的癌细胞。它也可能和其它物质或是细胞结合成为辅助剂，进一步增强免疫应答。 Cancer vaccines are thought of as active immunotherapies because they are meant to trigger your own immune system to respond. They are specific because they should only affect the cancer cells. Vaccines dont just boost the immune system in general; the