knowldge points for review.docVIP

Knowledge points for review: Chapter1 What is an organization A systematic arrangement brought people together to accomplish some specific purpose. Differences between managers and operative employees Managers: direct activities of others in an organization. Operatives: work directly on a job or task and have no responsibility for overing seeing the work of others. 3 levels of managers and their responsibilities Top managers: are responsible for making decisions about the direction of the organization and establishing policies that affect all organization member. Middle managers: are responsible for translating the goals set by top managers into specific details that lower-level managers can perform. First-line managers: are responsible for directing day-to-day activities of operatives. Differences between efficiency and effectiveness Efficiency: do the tasks correctly; refers to the relationship between inputs and outputs; seek to minimize resource costs Effectiveness: do the right tasks; goal attainment 4 processes of management Planning: setting goals Organizing: determining how to do the tasks Leading: motivating employees Controlling: monitoring performance Mintzberg’s managerial roles Interpersonal: figurehead; leader; liaison Informational: monitor; disseminator;spokesperson Decisional: entrepreneur; disturbance hander;resource allocator;negotiator Understand general skills for managers Conceptual: the ability to analyze and diagnose complex complex situations Interpersonal: the ability to work with and understand others Technical: apply specialized knowledge or expertise Political: enhance one’s position;build a power base;establish the right connections History Module Adam Smith’s division of labor Increased productivity by increasing each worker’s skills and dexterity,by saving time that is commonly lost in changing tasks,and by the creation of labor-saving inventions and machinery. Scientific management theory: Frederick Taylor The use of scientif