武汉理工大学轮机学硕专业英语备考总结方案.doc

diesel engine 柴油机 stroke [str?uk] 冲程 scavenge port 扫气口 diagram [dai?ɡr?m] 图表；用图解法示 gudgeon pin 活塞销 indicator [indikeit?] 示功器 trunking [tr??ki?] 筒；箱体 Lesson 1condition [k?ndi??n] 工况；状况 annotate [?n?uteit] 注释；作注解 performance [p?f?:m?ns] 性能；特性 planimeter [pl?nimit?] 侧面器；求积仪 dynamometer [dain?m?mit?] 测力计；功率计 ambient [?mbi?nt] 周围的；外围的 The two-stroke cycle is completed in two strokes of the piston or one revolution of the crankshaft. In order to operate this cycle where each event is accomplished in a very short time, the engine requires a number of special arrangements. 二冲程循环是由两个行程的活塞运动或一个曲轴的旋转运动租成。为了操作这种每个行程时间都很短的循环，发动机需要一些特殊的设计。Diesel engines are typically furnished with a rating or a maximum continuous rating (MCR), i.e, a stated value of power output at a corresponding RPM. 柴油机通常有一个额定或最大连续功率（MCR）的指标，即在相应的转速下，输出功率的规定值。 This is an description of the performance characteristics of the engine. the uniflow, 直流;the loop and 回流;the cross flow. 横流 Loop scavenge arrangements have low temperature air and high temperature exhaust gas passing through adjacent ports, causing temperature differential problems for the liner material. 回流扫气使低温空气和高温废气通过相邻的管道，会产生缸套材料温差的问题。 The fuel pumps will discharge high-pressure fuel to their respective (各自的）injectors. 燃油泵将放电高压燃料各自（各自的）喷油器。 It is essential to the scavenging process that the air entering the cylinder is at a higher pressure than the gas in the exhaust manifold. On two-stroke diesels an electrically driven auxiliary bower is usually provided because the exhaust gas driven turbo-blower cannot provide enough air at low engine speeds. High pressure supercharged engines use turbochargers in series. The pressurized air is usually cooled to increase the charge air density. (译文5：对换气过程而言，进入气缸的空气压力高于排气总管的压力十分必要。就二冲程柴油机而言，由于废气涡轮增压器在低转速下不能提供足够的空气，通常配备一台电动辅助鼓风机。高增压发动机使用串联(多级)涡轮增压。增压后的空气均通过冷却来增加空气的密度。) [In the exhaust turbocharged engines] the necessary scavenging is achieved [by providing a satisfactory pressure difference b