英国文学Unit4(JohnDonne)the17thRevolutionRestoration.pptVIP

English Literature Unit 4 The Period of Revolution and Restoration John Donne John Milton( in another ppt) I. Historical Background 1. Elizabeth died leaving no heirs, thus ending the Tudor dynasty. 2. James I (son of Mary Stuart) and James VI of Scotland is asked to become the new king in 1603. Began the Stuart line of kings Great Britain became the United Kingdom James I (1603-1625) King James 1 3. James I believed in the Divine Right of Kings. -God made him king and God alone can tell him what to do. -Did not allow Puritans to make changes in the Church of England or to challenge his authority -Caused friction with Parliament used to working with the monarch 4. Charles I (1625-1649) Son of James I Conflict with Parliament Taxes Religion 1628 – Charles asked for money, Parliament made him sign the Petition of Right, reestablished Parliament’s “power of the purse” Charles I Had many Puritans imprisoned or fined Tried to force Anglican (Church of England) prayer books onto Calvinist Scots When Parliament complained, Charles disbanded it for 11 years Raised money by drastic measures, old tax laws Used Court of Star Chamber to try and convict “traitors” in secret without trial Needed money to fight the Scots 1640 – he called Parliament Parliament (mostly made up of middle class Puritans) immediately passed laws to limit monarchy Ended Ship Tax Abolished the Court of Star Chamber New demands eventually led to the King arresting Parliament leaders. Charles I Charles 1 In the next reign (Charles I succeeded James I in 1625) the religious tyranny of Archbishop Laud was added to the political tyranny of the king. 5. The English Civil War The King’s supporters Called Cavaliers Mostly Anglican, Catholic Mostly landed nobility The Parliament’s supporters Called the Roundheads Mostly Puritan Mostly middle class The English Civil War Losing two battles the King and his Cavaliers surrendered in 1646 Charles was tried and beheaded by an all-