2016运营管理英文.pptVIP

Four Types of Processes Projects are large-scale, customized initiatives that consist of many smaller tasks and activities that must be coordinated and completed to finish on time and within budget. Characteristics: one-of-a-kind, large scale, complex, resources brought to site, wide variation in specs and tasks. Examples of projects: legal defense preparation, construction, customer jewelry, consulting, and software development. Four Types of Processes Job shop processes are organized around particular types of general-purpose equipment that are flexible and capable of customizing work for individual customers. Characteristics: Significant setup and/or changeover time, batching, low to moderate volume, many routes, many different products, high work force skills, and customized to customer’s specs. Examples: Many small manufacturing companies are set up as job shops, as are hospitals, legal services, and some restaurants. Four Types of Processes Flow shop processes are organized around a fixed sequence of activities and process steps such as an assembly line to produce a limited variety of similar goods or services. Characteristics: Little or no setup time, dedicated to small range of goods or services that are similar, similar sequence of process steps, moderate to high volume. Four Types of Processes Flowshops continued An assembly line is a common example of a flow shop process. Many option-oriented and standard goods and services are produced in flow-shop settings. Examples: automobiles, appliances, insurance policies, checking account statements, and hospital laboratory work. Four Types of Processes A continuous flow process creates highly standardized goods or services, usually around the clock in very high volumes. Characteristics: not made from discrete parts, very high volumes in a fixed processing sequence, high investment in system, 24hour/7day continuous operation, automated, dedicated to a small range of goods or services. Exa