届高考理科数学第一轮总复习课件71.pptVIP

* 第八章 圆锥曲线方程 第 讲 （第二课时） Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. * 题型3代入法求轨迹方程 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. * Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. * Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. * Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. *求经过定点A(1，2)，以x轴为准线，离心率为 的椭圆下方的顶点的轨迹方程. 解：设椭圆下方的焦点为F(x0，y0)，由定义知所以|AF|=1，故点F的轨迹方程为(x0-1)2+(y0-2)2=1.又设椭圆下方顶点为P(x,y),则x0=x,y0=y,所以点P的轨迹方程是(x-1)2+(y-2)2=1. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. * 2. 如右图,P是抛物线C：上一点，直线l过点P 且与抛物线C交于另一点Q. 若直线l与过点P的切线垂直， 求线段PQ的中点M的轨迹方程. 解：设P(x1,y1)、Q(x2,y2)、M(x0,y0)， 依题意知x1≠0，y10，y20. 由①由①得y′=x,题型4参数法求轨迹方程 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. * 所以过点P的切线的斜率k切=x1. 所以直线l的斜率 所以直线l的方程为② 方法1：联立①②消去y，得 因为M为PQ的中点， 所以 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. * 消去x1，得所以PQ的中点M的轨迹方程为方法2：由得则所以 将上式代入②式并整理，得 所以PQ的中点M的轨迹方程为 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. * 点评：本题主要考查了直线、抛物线的基础知识，以及求轨迹方程的常用方法.本题求解的关键是利用导数求切线的斜率以及灵活运用数学知识分析问题、解决问题.本题先设P，Q两点的坐标为参数，然后利用抛物线方程、切线方程等得出横坐标的关系及中点M的坐标，再把所求点M的坐标(x0，y0)转化为所设参数x1的式子，然后通过消去所设参数，就得到x0,y0的方程，这就是参数法求轨迹方程.应用参数法的关键是找到各参数之间的关系及如何代入或整体消参.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. * Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. * Evaluation