大学计算机基2础复习资料双语教学英文版.docxVIP

计算机复习资料最终定稿版Ji suan ji fu xi zi liao zui zhong ding gao ban1.key words of Definition for computer: instructions,input,processes ,outputA computer is an electronic device which operates under the control of stored instructions accepts data input processes the data according to specified rules produces and stores output1、A computer’s power is derived from Speed Reliability Accuracy Storage Communications 2、Data: The symbols that represent people, events, things, and ideas. Consists of the raw, unprocessed facts, including text, numbers, images, and sounds.3、Information ：Data becomes information when it is presented in a format that people can understand and use .4．information processing cycle：.input, process, output, and storage5．Computing Technology (R)Evolution four generations Vacuum Tube （电子管）Age ，Transistor Age（晶体管） ，Integrated Circuit （集成电路）Age ，Large-scale Integration(大规模集成化) Age6.分类：Supercomputers (巨型计算机) fastest, most powerful, most expensiveMainframe computers（大型机）provide great processing speeds and data storage.Minicomputers （小型机）Microcomputers（微机）即 personal computer or PCleast powerful, but the most widely used.7. Information can be represented in one of two waysAnalog data（模拟） A continuous representation，analogous（相似） to the actual informationDigital data A discrete representation8. 1 Byte=8 bits，B, KB, MB, GB, TB):9. Binary（Base 2）Octal（8）Decimal（Base 10） Hexadecimal（16）0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F10.distinguish number system(1) Subscript(下标) (101)2 (101) 8（2）Postfix（后缀）101B 101O 101D 101H11. Converting numberNon-Decimal to DecimalDecimal to Non-Decimal10—2 integer整数（1）短除法（2）从高位到低位逆用2—10思想 Fraction小数Non-Decimal to Non-Decimal 2—8 (10 111 011.110 1)2 = (273.64)88—2 (6754.32)8 = (110 111 101 100. 011)216—2 （A7B8.C9）16=(1010 0111 1011 1000 .1100 1001)？？12. Binary Arithmetic 12．original code –(2n–1–1) ~ (2n–1–1) Total number is2n–1 n=8 -127 ～ +127Pro：Simple Direct Cons：Subtraction operation may fail （overflow）13．Original cod