Lecture 5 Minor Processes of Word Creation.pptVIP

Words created similarly diesel Pullman Fahrenheit mesmerism calico chesterfield cardigan brodie McCarthyism benedict guillotine china shanghai bourbon 5.6 Metaphor (比喻造词) mothball mothball fleet Examples of metaphor words brainwashing (mental torture or indoctrination) hatchet job (an act of defamation or slander) sneaker (a tennis shoe) coffin nail (a cigarette) globetrotter (a world traveler) brain trust (a group of expert advisers) More metaphor words egghead (intellectual) cold-shoulder (to neglect or to be unfriendly) snow job (a verbal attempt to impress) cold war (a conflict short of violence) Metaphor words in speech We read in the papers of towns which mushroom and have bedroom districts; we tell of public opinion which simmers and boils, of executives who are tied up and of clients who stew in reception rooms, of actors who milk their audience for laughs or drain them of emotion. Deadest and oldest metaphors the mouth of a river the foot of a mountain the long arm of law the hands and face of a clock the brow of a hill the tongue of a flame the teeth of the gale More old metaphors the leaves of a book feeling blue seeing red the key to the puzzle air our troubles 5.7 Reduplication (重叠词) Some words come to us through a sound process called reduplication. These words repeat themselves with little or no change. hoity-toity 傲慢的，轻浮的，作态的 spic-and-span 极干净整洁的，崭新的 shilly-shally 犹豫不决的；优柔寡断的 More examples of reduplication fiddle-faddle 无聊的，琐碎的 Mishmash 混杂物；大杂烩 willy-nilly不管愿意不愿意的 walkie-talkie 无线电对话机；步话机 wishy-washy 不坚定的，糊涂的 teeny-weeny 很小的 goody-goody 口假道学的，伪善的 Type 7: back clipping + suffix aggression comfortable handkerchief → aggro → comfy → hankie/hanky Give clippings for the following words gymnasium gasoline kilogram business automobile taximeter cabriolet trigonometry luncheon milk shake coca cola 5.1.3 Blending (拼缀法) A blend is a combination of parts of two words to form a third word which contains some of the meaning of each part.