Englih and its history.ppt

The development of English 日尔曼人入侵后，统治了当地的凯尔特语民族，本地语言主要于苏格兰、威尔士、康瓦耳与爱尔兰岛存活了下来。这些入侵者的语言逐渐形成了“古英语”。 1066年诺曼征服后三百年内，英格兰的国王只讲法语。因此一大批法语词汇进入了古英语，古英语本身也失去了大部分曲折变化，形成中古英语。 　　 　　 近代英语在莎士比亚所处的时期开始繁荣，一些学者将之分为早期近代英语与后期近代英语，分界线为1800年左右。随着不列颠对全世界大部分地区的占领和殖民，当地语言也很大程度上影响了英语的发展。 区别： That is why ------中，why引导的表语从句表示结果。 That is because-----中， because引导的表语从句表示原因。 Jack was late for class today. _________ he got up late this morning. Jack got up late this morning. __________ he was late for class today. 5. For example, the word sick came from a word once used by the Angles and the Saxons, while ill came from a word once used by the Norwegians. while 并列连词； 表示转折、对比关系：然而；而 Mike is strong while his brother is weak. There is plenty of rain in the southeast while there is little in the northwest. 1. The question of whether English will continue changing in the future is easy to answer. “主语+系动词+表语+to do”的结构中，动词不定式通常以主动形式表示被动含义。 The problem is difficult to answer. The room is comfortable to live in. 2. It’s certain that… 肯定,一定（此处不可用 sure）是常见句型，此句型中，it是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语 It’s certain that he will come tomorrow. be certain to do sth. 一定会做---- He is certain to live to 100. be certain of/ about 对---有把握，确信 They are certain of success. = They are certain that they will succeed. 区别： sure、certain 二者都可作表语，意为“确信的，对---有把握，肯定的” 1.sure的主语通常是人，一般不用物做主语 I am not sure whether I’ve met him before. 2.certain的主语既可以是人，也可以是物 He is certain to pass the test. The evidence is certain. 此外，certain还可做定语，意为“某个，某些，某种” on a certain afternoon 3.接从句时，两者的常用搭配为： sb is sure that---- it is certain that----- -- Things are getting more expensive now. -- It’s ____ that the prices will continue to ______. A. certain; rise up B. certain; go up C. sure; raise D. sure; be raised up result in=lead to/cause 导致……结果 他的粗心致使比赛失败了。 His carelessness resulted in the loss of the game. result from由于……而产生;作为…….的结果 Sickness often results from eating too much. 因为吃得太多而病了。 as a result