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William Blake  Robert Burns A Survey of the 18th Century English Literature Neo-classicism in theearly 18th century Joseph Addison(艾迪生）, Richard Steele（斯梯尔）, Pope and Johnson belonged to this school. They modeled themselves after Greek and Latin authors, and tired to control literary creation by some fixed laws and rules drawn from Greek and Latin works. Johnson’s Dictionary marked an epoch in the study of English language and his magnificent letter written to Lord Chesterfield marked the end of English writer’s reliance on the patronage of noblemen for support. (p.290) Sentimentalism in English poetry and prose in the middle of 18th century Thomas Gray格雷（1716－1771）, Oliver Goldsmith奥利弗·哥尔德斯密斯(1730?-1774) , Laurence Sterne（劳伦斯·斯特恩 ）, Samuel Richardson（理查德逊 ） are representatives of this school. Thomas Gray托马斯.格雷 He declined the Poet Laureateship in 1757. 1757年,他竟谢绝了授予他的诗人桂冠...《写在教堂墓地的挽歌》Elegy Written on a Country Churchyard是雷格最优秀的代表作. They were all discontent with the social reality and reasons which the classicists appealed to; they appealed to “sentiment,” “to human heart” and they had a sympathy for the poverty-stricken, ex’propriated peasants. The Beginning of Modern Novel The modern English novel began in the 18th century and gave the world such novelists as Daniel Defoe, Jonathan Swift, Samuel Richardson, Henry Fielding, Tobias George Smollett and Laurence Sterne. 托比亚斯·斯摩莱特(Tobias George Smollett,1721-1771): 明确的政治批判性,人道的激情。 自传体小说《蓝登传》(1748)。(The Adventures of Roderick Random)继承欧洲流浪汉小说传统，布局松散，是一连串发展迅速、好恶交替、变化急剧的冒险经历的组合,内容与风格接近19世纪批判现实主义作品。 D. English Drama in the 18th Century The English drama of the eighteenth century did not reach the same high level as its novel, but it experienced a brief flowering in the second half of this century. The greatest dramatist of this period is Richard Brinsley Sheridan, best remembered for his The School for Scandal. (造谣学校） E. Pre-Romanticism in English Poetry It is marked by a strong protest against th