【高中英语语法】被动语态讲义.ppt

动词的语态 被动语态的应用 一.被动语态的基本构成形式 　　 被动语态由 be＋过去分词 二 何时使用被动语态 1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者 (这时可省 by 短语)。 例: My bike was stolen last night. 2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的承受者。 例: I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer. 3. 为了更好地安排句子。 例: The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语就够了） 三 被动语态的各种时态 被动语态的各种时态主要体现在be的相应变化上。 一般现在时 am / is / are +done (过去分词). 如: Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 现在完成时 has /have been done. 如: I have been cloned. All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we are ready to start. 3）现在进行时 am/is /are being done 　例:一座新的电影院正在这儿被建起. 4）一般过去时 was/were done　　 例: I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. 5）过去完成时 had been done 　例: By the end of last year, another new gymnasium in Beijing. (complete) 6）过去进行时 was/were being done 　例: A meeting was being held when I was there. 7）一般将来时 shall/will be done 例: Hundreds of jobs if the factory closes. 8）将来完成时（少用） shall/will have been done 例: The project will have been completed before July. 9）将来进行 will/shall+being done I will be watching TV this time tomorrw evening 10）过去将来时 should/would be done 　 例: The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived. 11）过去将来完成时 Would/should+have been done The tast would have been finished if you had worked hard on it。 2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式 1)带情态动词的被动结构, 其形式为： 情态动词＋be＋过去分词。 例: The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. 翻译: 他说错误一定要及时改正. He said that the mistakes must be corrected in time. 2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语, 在用于被动结构时, 可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语, 另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语. 例: His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为: He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 或改为: A present was given to him by his mother for his birthday. 3) 当 “动词+宾语+宾语补足语” 结构变为被动语态时, 将宾语变为被动结构中的主语, 其余不动。例: Someone caught the boy smoking a ci