汽车专业英unit2.doc

UNIT 2 AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE 2.1 Purpose and Locations of Engines The purpose of an automotive engine is to supply the power needed to move the vehicle. The engine produces this power by burning fuel inside it. Because the engine burns fuel inside, or internally, the engine is known as an internal combustion engine（ICE）. 汽车发动机的功用是汽车行驶提供必需的动力。发动机通过它内部的燃料燃烧来产生动力。由于发动机在其内部燃烧燃料，所以发动机被称作内燃机。 Engines may be fueled by gasoline, propane （LPG-liquefied petroleum gas） , or diesel fuel. Compressed natural gas （CNG） may also be used in some vehicles. 发动机燃料可以是汽油、丙烷（液化石油汽体）或柴油。压缩天燃气也可以用在一些车辆上。 be fueled by 通过…得到燃料 Most automotive engines are located at the front of the vehicle. Many engines drive the rear wheels. This requires a long drive shaft extending form the front wheels to the rear wheels. Other engines drive the front wheels. In the rear-wheel-drive arrangement, the engine sits longitudinally. Its long dimension is from front to back. 大多数汽车发动机位于汽车前方。许多发动机由后轮驱动。这需要一根长传动轴从前轮延伸到后轮。其它发动机由前轮驱动。在后轮驱动布置中，发动机纵向放置。它前后尺寸最长。 In the front-wheel-drive arrangement, the engine sits crosswise, transversely. With either arrangement, the power is carried to the drive wheels （rear or front）by gears and shafts. 在前轮驱动布置中，发动机横向放置。不管哪种放置方式，动力都是通过齿轮和轴传递到驱动轮。 Crosswise 交叉地，横向的 Some cars have the engine mounted in back of the front seat. This is called a mid-engine arrangement. Other cars have been built with the engine mounted at the rear, in back of rear seat. The Volkswagen beetle is an example of rear. 一些轿车把发动机安装在前排座位的后面，这称为中置发动机布置。其它轿车发动机安装在车的尾部，也就是后排座的后面。比如：大众汽车甲壳虫就是采用这种发动机后置布置。 2.2 Engine Types Various kinds of engines are used in automotive vehicles. The two major types are: 机动车辆上采用各种各样的发动机，其两种主要类型为： 1. The piston engine in which pistons move up and down, or reciprocate, in the engine cylinders. This is the engine used in all cars today, except for some models of Mazda. 活塞发动机，活塞在其气缸内上下或往复运动。这就是现今轿车所采用的发动机形式，除了马自达的一些型号发动机。 2. The Wankel rotary engine in which rotors rotate, or spin. The Ma