Complx Networks.pptVIP

Department of Electronic and Information Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic Univeristy Complex Dynamical Networks:Modeling, Control and Synchronization Complex Networks: Some Typical Examples Complex Network Example: Internet (William R. Cheswick) Complex Network Example: WWW  (K. C. Claffy) Complex Network Example: HTTP (Bradley Huffaker) Complex Network Example: Telecomm Networks (Stephen G. Eick)  Complex Network Example: Routes of Airlines Complex Network Example: Usenet (Naveen Jamal) Complex Network Example: VLSI Circuits, CNN Complex Network Example: Biological Networks Complex Network Example: Arts ? Complex Networks: Topics for Today Network Topology A network is a set of nodes interconnected via links Examples: Internet: Nodes – routers Links – optical fibers WWW: Nodes – document files Links – hyperlinks Scientific Citation Network: Nodes – papers Links – citation Social Networks: Nodes – individuals Links – relations Nodes and Links can be anything depending on the context Network Topology Complex networks have been studied via Graph Theory - Erd?s and Rényi (1960) – ER Random Graphs ER Random Graph model dominates for 40 some years …… till today …… Availability of huge databases and supper-computing power have led to a rethinking of approach … Two significant recent discoveries are: Small-World effect (Watts and Strogatz, Nature, 1998) Scale-Free feature (Barabási and Albert, Science, 1999) ER Random Graph Models Features: Connectivity: Poisson distribution Homogeneous nature: each node has roughly the same number of links Small-World Networks Features: (Similar to ER Random Graphs) Connectivity distribution: uniform but decays exponentially Homogeneous nature: each node has roughly the same number of links Scale-Free Networks Features: Connectivity: in power-law form N