2015的软件安装和管理之.docVIP

linux的软件安装和管理之deb linux的软件包概述 早期的Linux软件安装基本是手动安装，对初学者带来很大的不便，所以各个Linux的发行版开始提供封装好的软件包供用户快速安装，经过多年的竞争发展，目前Linux的软件包常用的封装形式有两类，一类是rpm，用于Red Hat Linux以及其衍生Linux系统，一类是deb，用于debian以及其衍生Linux系统如ubuntu，针对rpm的软件包管理器叫rpm，在线升级的安装维护软件为yum，针对deb的软件包管理器叫dpkg，在线升级的安装维护软件为apt。 什么是RPM RPM是一个开放的软件包管理系统，最初的全称是Red Hat Package Manager。它工作于Red Hat Linux以及其它Linux系统，成为了Linux中公认的软件包管理标准。红帽子软件公司鼓励其他厂商来了解RPM并在自己的产品中使用它。RPM的发布基于GPL协议。随着RPM在各种发行版本的广泛使用，如今RPM的全称是RPM Package Manager。RPM由RPM社区负责维护，可以登录到RPM的官方站点http://www.rpm .org/查询最新的信息。 什么是dpkg管理包 dpkg is the software at the base of the Debian package management system. dpkg is used to install, remove, and provide information about .deb packages.dpkg itself is a low level tool; higher level tools, such as APT, are used to fetch packages from remote locations or deal with complex package relations. Tools like aptitude or synaptic are more commonly used than dpkg as they have a more sophisticated way of dealing with package relationships and a friendlier interface. The Debian package dpkg provides the dpkg program, as well as several other programs necessary for run-time functioning of the packaging system, including dpkg-statoverride, dpkg-divert and update-alternatives. It also includes the programs such as start-stop-daemon and install-info, and the latter is kept mostly due to backwards compatibility (it is developed and distributed separately nowadays). The Debian package dpkg-dev includes the numerous build tools described below. History dpkg was originally created by Matt Welsh, Carl Streeter and Ian Murdock, first as a Perl program, and then later the main part was rewritten in C by Ian Jackson in 1993. The name dpkg was originally the short for Debian package, but the meaning of that phrase has evolved significantly, as dpkg the software is orthogonal to the deb package format as well as the Debian Policy which defines how Debian packages behave. 为什么使用软件包管理器（Package Manager） 使用软件包管理器最大的好处在于它提供快速之安装，减少编译安装之侦错困扰。 对于最终用户来说，软件包管理器所提供的众多