修辞学 Session 4 隐喻.pptVIP

Metaphor 隐喻 大弦嘈嘈如急雨，小弦切切如私语。 嘈嘈切切错杂弹，_____________。 　凌波不过横塘路，但目送，芳尘去。锦瑟华年谁与度？月桥花院，琐窗朱户，只有春知处。 　飞云冉冉蘅皋暮，彩笔新题断肠句。试问闲愁都几许?________,_______,__________. Metaphor Definition: Metaphor is an implied comparison between two things of unlike nature that yet have something in common(Corbett 1990). 定义：隐喻是在两种性质存在差异、但又具有相似点的事物之间进行暗含的比较。 All the worlds a stage. 大千世界是个舞台。 Metaphor Simile 1) 明喻中必须出现比喻词；而隐喻中比喻词不出现； Classification of Metaphor 1)Visible metaphor( 显露式隐喻): both the tenor（本体） and the vehicle(喻体) are present in the sentence. e.g. All the worlds a stage. 2) Invisible metaphor（非显露式隐喻) :the tenor or the vehicle is not present in the sentence. e.g. 嘈嘈切切错杂弹，大珠小珠落玉盘。 Structure 1: A(tenor) is B(vehicle).型  1.The theory is a building. 2.The romance is a plant. 3.The temperature is a murderer. Discussion: What do the sentences imply? Structure 2：of型 1.I can see a sea of people from here. 2.At last he saw a ray of hope. 3.While most of us are only too ready to apply to others the cold wind of criticism,we are unwilling to give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise. 大多数人只是随时给予别人批评的冷风,而不愿意给自己的同伴赞扬的阳光. 1. seeking the bubble(喻体） reputation（本体） 追求那泡沫的名声 2.Love（本体） bud（喻体）, quietly took root in my heart. Structure 4: 并列型 Fire proves gold, adversity proves men. 烈火锻炼金，忧患磨练人。 Invisible metaphor 非显露式隐喻 Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. Tenor:books(visible) Vehicle: food(invisible) (类型一）本体显喻体隐 Google’s newly developed software could challenge the Seattle giant’s desktop dominance. Four Types of Metaphor（隐喻从词性角度分类） 1.nominal metaphor 2.verbal metaphor 3.adjective metaphor 4.adverbial metaphor Charles Dow put us on the world’s greatest roller coaster. We laugh nervously all the way up and we scream like hell all the way down. 查尔斯·道将我们置于世界最大的过山车上：我们在上升的时候紧张得大笑；而在下降的时候拼命尖叫。 1.They are birds of a feather. 他们意气相投/他们是一丘之貉。 2.A silver plate is rising up in the sky. 一轮银盘似的月在天边升起。 3. The boat d