第六章不完全竞争的市场绪论.ppt

* 15. HUAWEI－T720型手机某年春季的单价是3500元，该年秋季的单价是2800元，这属于A.一级价格歧视　　B.二级价格歧视C.三级价格歧视　　D.常规的市价变动 16.在垄断竞争厂商长期均衡点上，长期平均成本曲线处于： 上升阶段 下降阶段 水平阶段 以上三种情况都可能 * 17.寡头垄断厂商的产品是（ ） 同质的 有差异的 既可以是同质的，也可以是有差异的 以上都不对 * 18、在弯折的需求曲线模型中，拐点左右两边的需求弹性是（ ） 左边弹性大，右边弹性小 左边弹性小，右边弹性大 左右两边弹性一样大 以上都不对 * 19、卡特尔制定统一价格的原则是（ ） 使整个卡特尔的产量最大 使整个卡特尔的利润最大 使整个卡特尔的成本最小 使整个卡特尔中支配厂商的利润最大 * * 关于生产者行为理论 生产者行为理论的基本前提 ：1）业主—企业家模式，企业家拥有并管理企业2）厂商的唯一目的是利润最大化；3）厂商应用MR=MC来实现最大利润4）静态分析 * 对生产者行为理论的其他分析 生产函数的存在性 成本曲线的形状 供给曲线的存在性 完全竞争的不可能 私人成本和社会成本的不一致性 对垄断的分析仅限于其经济行为，而不涉及其造成的政治后果。 * * The horizontal axis of the graph measures number of homes provided electricity. The vertical axis measures the average total cost of providing electricity per home. * When the AR column appears, note that AR = P at every quantity. This, of course, is a tautology. When the MR column appears, note that MR is less than P. This is not as easy to see, because the MR numbers are offset from the rows of the table, just as if you were in an elevator stuck between two floors. But students can still see that MR P. For example, in the range of output of Q=2 to Q=3, the price ranges from $3.50 to $3.00, but MR is only $2. * * In this example, the firm is not charging different prices to different customers, but charging different prices to the same customer based on that customer’s declining willingness to pay for additional units. * * In the preceding two chapters, we studied the two extremes of the competition spectrum. This chapter focuses on monopolistic competition, one of the market structures in between the two extremes. Examples of each market type: Perfect competition: wheat, milk Monopoly: tap water, cable TV Oligopoly: tennis balls, cigarettes Monopolistic competition: novels, movies * * Another important dimension of product differentiation, not emphasized in the book, is location. Gasoline seems like an undifferentiated product, yet different gas stations charge different prices. How can some gas stations get