W2-天然免疫.ppt

* In this model, phagocytosed microorganisms, including bacteria, release ligands that are recognized by NOD proteins and peptides that associate with MHC classs II molecules. Recognition of intracellular ligands by NOD proteins and extracellular ligands by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) mediates the activation of signalling pathways including those downstream of nuclear factor- B (NF- B). These intracellular events induce the secretion of cytokines by the antigen-presenting cell (APC), as well as the expression of co-stimulatory molecules (for example, CD80 and CD86) on the surface of the APC. Si