2012Postgis学习笔记.docVIP

目录 POSTGIS使用命令 1 1.1初识POSTGIS 1 1.2 数据库的一些操作 4 PostgreSQL的配置文件及用户权限 6 使用过的命令： 9 POSTGIS使用命令 1.1初识POSTGIS 创建空间数据库 CREATE DATABASE my_spatial_db TEMPLATE=template_postgis； 创建表 CREATE TABLE gtest ( ID int4, NAME varchar(20) ); 创建几何体 SELECT AddGeometryColumn(’’, ’gtest’,’geom’,-1,’LINESTRING’,2); 插入数据 INSERT INTO gtest (ID, NAME, GEOM) VALUES (1,First Geometry,ST _GeomFromText(LINESTRING(2 3,4 5,6 5,7 8), -1)); 5.查看表――类似show talbes（MY SQL） 导入数据 Once you have created a spatial table, you are ready to upload GIS data to the database. Currently, there are two ways to get data into a PostGIS/PostgreSQL database: using formatted SQL statements or using the Shape ?le loader/dumper。 首先是创建表极其几何关系： CREATE TABLE roads (road_id int4, road_name varchar(20) ); SELECT AddGeometryColumn(’’, ’ roads’,’ roads_geom’,-1,’LINESTRING’,2); 然后用导入脚本文件： psql -U postgres -W -f E:\road.sql my_spatial_db 检验函数 SELECT st_isvalid(LINESTRING(0 0, 1 1)), st_isvalid(LINESTRING(0 0, 0 0)); By default, PostGIS does not apply this validity check on geometry input, because testing for validity needs lots of CPU time for complex geometries, especially polygons. If you do not trust your data sources, you can manually enforce such a check to your tables by adding a check constraint: ALTER TABLE mytable ADD CONSTRAINT geometry_valid_check CHECK (isvalid(the_geom)); 查询 SELECT road_id, ST_AsText(roads_geom) AS geom, road_name FROM roads; SELECT road_id, road_name FROM roads WHERE roads_geom ~= ST_GeomFromText(LINESTRING(191232 243118,191108 243242),-1); SELECT ST_AsText(roads_geom) AS geom FROM roads WHERE roads_geom SetSRID(BOX3D(191232 243117,191232 243119)::box3d,-1); 补充： This operator tells whether the bounding box of one geometry intersects the bounding box of another. ~= This operators tests whether two geometries are geometrically identical. For example, if ’POLYGON((0 0,1 1,1 0,0 0))’ is the same as ’POLYGON((0 0,1 1,1 0,0 0))’ (it is). = This operator is a little mo