从mRNA到蛋白质分子生物学课件.ppt

Channels for mRNA entering and exiting are located in the small subunit There is a pronounced Kink（扭结） in the mRNA between the two codons at P and A sites. This kink places the vacant A site codon for aminoacyl-tRNA interaction. E P A mRNA 14 Angstroms Channel for polypeptide chain exiting locates in the large subunit rRNA The size of the channel only allow a very limited folding (α helix) of the newly synthesized polypeptide. Ribosomal protein 50 S subunit 谢 谢! 核糖体是一个大型复 合物,由4个RNA和超 过80个蛋白质组成 2009年诺贝尔化学奖 solved the “phase problem” the strong-willed pioneer SSU from Ramakrishnan work with A-site Anticodon Stem Loop bound as well as mRNA analaog show. LSU from Steitz and Moore labs work shown 核糖体的大小亚基 Svedberg (S): the unit used to measure sedimentation velocity Sedimentation velocity is determined by both shape and size and hence is not a measure of mass ?原核生物核糖体由约2/3的RNA及1/3的蛋白质组成。 ?真核生物核糖体中RNA占3/5，蛋白质占2/5。 原核与真核细胞核糖体大小亚基比较 Eukaryotes Prokaryotes ?大肠杆菌核糖体小亚基由21种蛋白质组 成，分别用S1……S21表示，大亚基由36种 蛋白质组成，分别用L1……L36表示。 ?真核生物细胞核糖体蛋白质中，大亚基含 有49种蛋白质，小亚基有33种蛋白质，它 们的相对分子质量在8×10 3～4.0×104之间。 ? ? Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcription and ribosomal proteins (RPs) expression (actinomycin D or 5-Fluorouracil treament) Processing of pre-rRNA Assembly of ribosome Ribosomal stress and p53 pathway Ribosomal stress results from : p53：人体内最重要的抑癌蛋白 Normal Stress Caldarola, 2009, FEBS Journal 核糖体亚基蛋白调控HDM2-p53信号通路 p53 信号通路 (Chakraborty et al., 2011, Wiley Interdiscip Rev) 核糖体亚基蛋白RPs-HDM2-p53通路 RPs-MDM2(HDM2)-p53 pathway (Deisenroth and Zhang, 2010, Oncogene) 10 acute myeloid leukemia Blood,2010,115:3196-3205 Simplified schematic of eukaryotic ribosome biogenesis acute myeloid leukemia Bone marrow failure Size comparisons show that the ribosome is large enough to bind tRNAs and mRNA.