结核分枝杆菌的ALD基因编码的丙氨酸脱氢酶和假定的甘氨酸脱氢酶..pptVIP

ald of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Encodes both the Alanine Dehydrogenase and the Putative Glycine Dehydrogenase 结核分枝杆菌的ALD基因编码的丙氨酸脱氢酶和假定的甘氨酸脱氢酶 Introduction Mycobacterium tuberculosis (结核分枝杆菌)is the causative agent of tuberculosis, and one of the most successful human pathogens. It was responsible for approximately 2 million deaths in 2008, while currently almost one-third of the world’s population is infected with this organism. Research with M. tuberculosis has described a pathogen uniquely adapted to the wide range of harsh environments presented by the host. Introduction Much of this work has focused on the microbe’s metabolism（新陈代谢）, with the idea of identification of novel enzymes（识别新的酶） or pathways to target for drug development（药物靶向途径的开发）. One of these environmental factors is nitrogen availability.Very little is known about the nitrogen sources used by M. tuberculosis in vivo. M. tuberculosis can utilize many amino acids for nitrogen, including alanine and glycine . Introduction The enzyme glycine dehydrogenase was first described in M. tuberculosis in 1962 . This enzyme was detected by the reductive amination of glyoxylate to glycine concurrent with the oxidation of NADH to NAD (Fig. 1)。The activity corresponding to the reverse reaction, catalyzed by glycine dehydrogenase (GDH), was not detected. Introduction The expression of glyoxylate reductive amination by a putative glycine dehydrogenase in M.tuberculosis has been characterized in nonreplicating persistent(NRP) cultures （非复制持久性培养基）. In the Wayne model of dormancy, sealed cultures of M. tuberculosis create a microaerobic environment (NRP-1), which subsequently develops into the anaerobic stage(微氧环境) (NRP-2). GxRA activity was induced during microaerobic NRP-1, with the strongest activity in anaerobic NRP-2 （无氧阶段）cultures. It was proposed that the role of this enzyme was to maintain redox balance by recycling NADH/NAD during interruption of aerobic respiration . Introduction The naming of the g