chemicalBonding 化学键.pptVIP

Examples: VSEPR Molecular Shapes - IV Examples: VSEPR Molecular Shapes - IV The Effect of Nonbonding Electrons By experiment, the H-X-H bond angle decreases on moving from C to N to O: Since electrons in a bond are attracted by two nuclei, they do not repel as much as lone pairs. Therefore, the bond angle decreases as the number of lone pairs increases VSEPR Model HyperChem Figure 9.10: Shapes of Larger Molecules In acetic acid, CH3COOH, there are three central atoms. VSEPR Model HyperChem Shapes of Larger Molecules In glycine (simplest amino acid), NH2CH2CO2H, there are four possible central atoms. Draw the Lewis Structure and the 3D VSEPR Molecular Geometry for glycine. Indicate the name of the shape for all possible central atoms, including estimation of bond angles. Hint 1: Designate the 2nd carbon in the formula as the central atom in skeleton structure. Hint 2: The acid portion of glycine is the same as that of acetic acid. Lewis-VSEPR HW for 10/30/09. Due 11/2/09. HyperChem Figure 8.10: Drawing Lewis Structures Resonance Structures Figure 9.12 HyperChem Figure 9.11: Molecular Shape and Molecular Polarity HyperChem Figure 9.13: Molecular Shape and Molecular Polarity HyperChem Lewis structures and VSEPR do not explain why a bond forms. How do we account for shape in terms of quantum mechanics? What are the orbitals that are involved in bonding? We use Valence Bond Theory: Bonds form when orbitals on atoms overlap. There are two electrons of opposite spin in the orbital overlap. Covalent Bonding and Orbital Overlap Gems - Movie Clip Figure 9.14: Covalent Bonding and Orbital Overlap To determine the electron pair geometry: draw the Lewis structure, count the total number of electron pairs around the central atom, arrange the electron pairs in one of the above geometries to minimize e--e- repulsion, and count multiple bonds as one bonding pair. VSEPR Model (Figure 9.6) VSEPR Model Drawing Lewis Structures Formal Charge Consider: For C: