小学数学五年级上册《小数乘法的简便运算》课件.pptVIP

* ` * * * 比一比 看谁算得快 0.32×100 24＋0.24 15－0.15 0.4×0.5 1.25×8 2.5×4 0.24×5 0.6×0.1 = 32 = 24.24 = 14.85 = 0.2 = 10 = 10 = 1.2 = 0.06 0.5×0.2= 50×0.2= 500×0.2= 0.1 10 100 2.5×0.4 = 1 0.25×40 = 10 1.25×0.8 = 1 1.25×80 = 100 2、在括号里填上适当的数。 (1)0.32=4×( ) (2)1.02=1+( ) (3)0.99=1-( ) (4)9.8=( )-( ) 0.08 10 0.01 0.02 0.2 比一比 看谁算得巧 (23×4)×15 25×73×4 102×32 = 25×4×73 = 100×73 = 7300 = 23×(4×15) = 23×60 = 1380 = (100+2)×32 = 100×32+2×32 = 3200+64 = 3264 3、思考：乘法有哪些运算定律？ 怎样用字母式子表示？ 乘法交换律： a×b=b×a 乘法结合律： (a×b) ×c=a× (b×c) 乘法分配律： (a+b) ×c=a×c+b×c 观察下面每组的两个算式，它们有什么关系？ 0.7×1.2 1.2×0.7 （0.8×0.5）×0.4 0.8×（0.5×0.4） （2.4+3.6）×0.5 2.4×0.5+3.6×0.5 = = = 整数乘法的交换律、结合律和分配律，对于小数乘法同样适用。 ＝1×4.78 ? ＝4.78?? 0.25×4.78×4? 0.65×201 ＝130＋0.65 ＝130.65 ＝0.25×4×4.78 ＝0.65×（200＋1） ＝0.65×200＋0.65 例8 根据乘法交换律 乘法分配律 (1)0.034×0.5×0.8 (2)0.125×6.8×0.8 (3)2.8×0.25 　4.2×1.69＝ ×? 2.5×0.77×0.4＝（ × ）× 6.1×3.6+3.9×3.6＝（ ＋ ）× 1.69 4.2 2.5 0.4 0.77 6.1 3.9 3.6 A、乘法交换律 B、乘法结合律 C、乘法分配律 3.6×4.5+3.6×5.5可以运用（ ）进行简算。 C 练 一 练 7.6×0.8+0.2×7.6 0.25×36 0.85×99 0.25×32×1.25 = 7.6×(0.8+0.2) = 7.6×1 = 7.6 = 0.25×4×9 = 1×9 = 9 = 0.85×(100-1) = 0.85×100-0.85×1 = 85-0.85 = 84.15 =0.25×4×8×1.25 = (0.25×4)×(8 ×1.25) = 1×10 = 10 扩展延伸 76×0.08+0.2×7.6 0.85×99+0.85 = 7.6×0.8+0.2×7.6 = 7.6×(0.8+0.2) = 7.6×1 = 7.6 = 0.85×99+0.85×1 = 0.85×(99+1) = 0.85×100 =85 练 一 练 0.25×8.5×4 1.28×8.6+0.72×8.6 0.25×(8.5+8.5+8.5+8.5) 1.28×8.6+1.44×4.3 1.28×8.6+0.82×8.6-0.86 = 0.25×4×8.5 = 1×8.5 =8.5 = (1.28+0.72) ×8.6 = 2×8.6 =17.2 = (1.28+0.82-0.1) ×8.6 = 2×8.6 =17.2 = 1.28×8.6+0.82×8.6-0.1×8.6 = 0.25×(8.5×4) = 1.28×8.6+0.72×2×4.3 = 1.28×8.6+0.72×8.6 请用简便方法计算下列各题 0.25×0.28 0.125×3.2×2.5 35×40.2 0.25×4÷0.25×4 3.5×9.9 3.5×99+3.5 3.5×101-3.5 3.5×9.9+3.5×0.1 3.5×2.7+35×0.73 3.5×2.7-3.5×0.7 (32+5.6)÷0.8