4-1and4-2纯金属结晶的热力学条件.pptVIP

The process of nucleation and growth of one phase from another is important in the formation of snowflakes. Similarly, the nucleation and growth of small crystals from molten materials is also important in manufacturing process related to solidification. On the other hand, technologies related to the production of glass depend on avoiding the nucleation and growth of crystals. Chapter 4 Solidification (凝固) Have you ever wondered? ◆Whether water really does “freeze” at 0℃ and “boil” at 100℃ . ◆What is the process used to produce several million pounds of steels and other alloys? ◆Is there a specific melting temperature for an alloy or thermoplastic material? ◆What factors determine the strength of a cast product? Of all the processing techniques (成型技术)used in the manufacturing of materials, solidification is probably the most important. All metallic materials, as well as many ceramics, inorganic glasses, and thermoplastic polymers, are liquid or molten at some point during processing. The solidification of metallic, polymeric, and ceramic materials is an important process to study because of its effect on the properties of the materials involved. Solidification ：凝固 Crystallization ：结晶 Undercooling : 过冷 Cooling curve: 冷却曲线 Embryo： 晶胚 Nucleus：晶核 Degree of undercooling: 过冷度 Structural undulation：结构起伏 Energy undulation : 能量起伏 Short-range order: 短程有序 Equilibrium Freezing Temperature：平衡结晶温度 Nucleation: 形核 Key Words 4.1 Crystallization Process of Pure metals Crystallization (结晶)： The process of transition from liquid metals to metallic crystalline. (由液态金属转变为金属晶体的过程。) 4.1.1 Structures of Liquid Metals 动画-structure of gas 动画-structure of liquid 动画-structure of solid Conclusions: (1) Liquid metals are composed of atoms cluster together (原子集团) that is in short-range order. The coordination number of a liquid metal is slightly less than that of the corresponding solid metal. (2)