GC心理9_07题材.ppt

Chapter 9 Selection of Action 行动的选择 Overview Skill based behavior 基于技能的行为 Rule based behavior 基于法则的行为 Knowledge based behavior 基于知识的行为 Skill based behavior 基于技能的行为 Rule based behavior 基于法则的行为 An action is selected by bringing into working memory a hierarchy of rules: “If X occurs, then do Y.” After mentally scanning these rules and comparing them with the stimulus conditions, the decision maker will initiate the appropriate action. 动作的选择要通过将法则调入工作记忆中：“如果出现X，就做Y。”决策者在心理上扫描这些法则并将它们与刺激条件作比较后，才触发适宜的动作。 Knowledge based behavior 基于知识的行为 Entirely new problems Neither rules nor automatic mapping What influence the RT? Variables influencing RT 9.1 Variables influencing both simple and choice reaction time 9.1.1 Stimulus Modality 刺激通道 auditory stimulus: 130 ms visual stimulus: 170 ms 9.1.2 Stimulus Intensity 刺激强度 9.1.3 Temporal Uncertainty时间不确定性 How the WI influence the RT? 9.1.4 Expectancy 期望 9.2 Variables influencing only choice reaction time 仅影响选择反应时的变量 9.2.1 The Hick-Hyman Law 希克—海曼定律 9.2.2 The Speed-Accuracy Trade-off 速度—准确性互换 速度—准确性互换性：时间与错误的反比关系。 反应错误将减少传递的信息量（Ht）。 带宽：Ht/RT （比特/秒） 希克—海曼定律的倒斜率 （1/b） 如果人们真的具有希克—海曼定律描述的信息传递带宽不变的特点，那么通过改变对速度—准确性这两个绩效的相对重视程度，将速度—准确性从准确地做移向快速地做，就会以与RT下降的同样比例减小Ht，从而保证了带宽不变。 9.3 Departures from information theory与信息论的偏差 Stimulus Discriminability 刺激可辨性 The Repetition Effect 重复效应 Response Factors 反应因素 Practice 练习 Executive Control 执行控制 Stimulus-Response Compatibility 刺激－反应兼容性 9.3.1 Stimulus Discriminability 刺激可辨性 9.3.2 The Repetition Effect 重复效应 9.3.3 Response Factors 反应因素 Confusability between the response 9.3.4 Practice 练习 9.3.4 Practice 练习 9.3.5 Executive Control 执行控制 9.3.6 Stimulus-Response Compatibility刺激-反应兼容性 Location Compatibility 位置兼容性 The principle of colocation is not always possible achieve, how to ensure S-R compatibility? Why are the incongruent systems difficult to map? Rule compatibility 法则原则 Some rules Movement Compatibility 运动兼容性 Compatibility Ambigu