非谓语动词(上)技巧.ppt

非 谓语动词 非谓语动词 1．性质：它具有动词的特点，但在句子中起着名词、形容词、副词的作用，充当主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语的作用，即：除谓语以外一切成分。 2．形式 不定式相当于名词、形容词、副词。充当主语、宾语、定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语。 动名词相当于名词充当主语、表语、定语、宾语。 分词相当于形容词、副词。作表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语形成分 3．语态：必须搞清逻辑主语与非谓语动词的关系，从而来确定非谓语动词态的语态。 动词不定式 1）作主语： To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. To lose your heart means failure. 动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后，例如上面两句可用如下形式： It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. It means failure to lose your heart. 动词不定式 2）做宾语： 不定式做宾语时，如果还有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语： He wants to go. I find it interesting to study English. 他感觉要及时完成作业很难。 动词不定式 3）宾语补足语： He asked me to work with him. PS: 在feel, hear, notice, observe, see, watch, have, let, make 等词后的补足语中，不定式不带to, 但如果这些句子变为被动结构，则必须带to： I always see him play basketball. 被动： 4）作定语： ??? 动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系： ①动宾关系： I have a meeting to attend. 注意：不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词，如： He found a good house to live in. The child has nothing to worry 如果不定式修饰time, place, way，可以省略介词： He has no place to live. This is the best way to work out this problem. ②说明所修饰名词的内容： We have made a plan to finish the work. ③序数词和最高级后用不定式做定语： He is the first to get here. 动词不定式 5）做状语 ①表目的： She sold her hair to buy the watch chain. 他努力工作以赚更多的钱。 ②表结果： He arrived late to find the train gone. 常用only放在不定式前表示强调： I visited him only to find him out. ③表原因： They were very sad to hear the news. ④表程度： Its too dark for us to see anything. The question is simple for him to answer. The room is big enough to hold us. 动词不定式 6）作表语： He appears to have caught a cold. 她的工作是打扫房间。 不定式作独立成分的一些常见短语： to tell you the truth? 说老实话 to begin with 首先 to say nothing of 姑且不说 so to speak 可以这么说 to be sure 诚然，固然 to be exact 精确地说 to do him justice 说句对他公道的话 to make a long story short 长话短说 to be frank 坦率地说 to be brief? 简言之 to conclude? 总而言之 动词不定式 8）不定式与疑问词who, which, when, where,how, what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等： How to sol