英语-中三大类从句.ppt

难点１：同位语从句与定语从句的辨别 　⑴从定义上辨别： 　　　在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句对前面的名词起修饰限制作用，相当与形容词的功能，又叫形容词性从句。而同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系，表示其具体内容。如： The news that Lily told us yesterday was very exciting.(定语从句) The news that our school football team had won the match was inspiring.(同位语从句) 　 ⑵从引导词上辨别： 　①that引导定语从句是既指代先行词，又在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语等成分，常可被which代替,且作宾语时可以省略。而that引导同位语从句时既无词义也不作任何成分，不可被which代替，通常也不可以省略。如： The plan (that / which) Lily drew up yesterday was excellent. The plan that we should go to the Great Wall was wonderful. 　②when, where, why引导定语从句时都有一定语意，也都在从句中充当状语。但定语从句须有分别表示时间、地点和原因的名词作先行词，而同位语从句无此限制。如： Do you still remember the day when we met for the first time? I have no idea when they met for the first time. 　③what , whether能引导同位语从句，但是不能引导定语从句。 难点２：what从句与that从句的辨别 what只能引导名词性从句，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，在意义上相当于一个名词或代词＋ that。而that既可以引导名词性从句，此时that不担当成分，只起连接作用；也可以引导定语从句修饰前面的名词或代词，此时that要担当成分，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。如： A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago. （ what从句作介词宾语，what=the place that / which,不可误认为定语从句用which) We’ll do all (that) we can to help the child come back to school. (that从句修饰先行词all ， that作宾语，可以省略。也可用what代替all (that) ） 试比较: What he said at the meeting surprised us all. That he said nothing at the meeting surprised us all. 状语从句 状语从句按意义和作用可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、让步、条件和比较等九种。状语从句放在主句之前常用逗号隔开；放在主句之后不用逗号。 1 时间状语从句： ⑴when, whenever, as ,while, before, after, until, since, once, as soon as等引导的时间状语从句。 When the bell rang, the guard was waiting in his seat. You may come to my restaurant whenever you like. While ants grow, they change their forms three times. After the students were all in the chemistry lab, the professor brought out three bottles. Three months went by before they knew it. She went on cutting and cutting until she came to the end of a brook. I wait till he had finished his task. Once you remind me of the old man, I will certainly remember him. As soon as she got home, she began her housework. 由the minute, the moment, the instant, the da