句子成分 演示文稿.pptVIP

一、句子成分 （一）句子成分的定义： 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 二、主语： 主语 (Subiect) 是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如： During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. We often speak English in class. To swim in the river is a great pleasure. Smoking does harm to the health. The rich should help the poor. When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. It is necessary to master a foreign language. （三）谓语 谓语 (Predicate) 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： He practices running every morning. You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. 注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。 （四）宾语 宾语（Object）表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如： They went to see an exhibition yesterday. The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. How many dictionaries do you have? I have five. They helped the old with their housework yesterday. He pretended not to see me. I enjoy listening to popular music. I think（that）he is fit for his office. 宾语种类： （1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please. To: write, tell, pass, give, send, promise, show, hand, read, tell, bring, throw等，例如 He sent the novel to William yesterday. For: leave, buy, build, choose, cook, draw, find, get, order, post, save等，例如： She bought a gift for her mother. （2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如： They elected him their monitor. 下列动词只能接不定式做宾语 ask, agree, care, choose, demand, dare, decide, except, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish, desire等，如： He refused to lend me his bike. （五）表语 表语(Predicative)用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、 副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句表示。例如： Our teacher of English is an American. （名词） Is it yours?（代词） The weather has turned cold.（形容词） The speech is exciting.（分词） Three times seven is twenty one?（数