物理性能-lecture1-磁性讲稿.ppt

材料科学与工程导论-IIPhysical Properties and Functional Materials （材料物理性能和功能材料） Zhongwu Liu （刘仲武） Webpage: Email: zwliu@ Tel:Office: Rm. 8217 Course introduction 12 hours 4 lectures (3 hours each) Magnetic properties and magnetic materials Electric properties and electric materials Thermal properties Optical properties 1/3 in exam About your report (课程论文): must in formal paper style 题 目 作者，学号，指导老师 地址（院系，通讯地址） Abstract (英文摘要) 中文摘要 关键词 正文 1. 2. … 参考文献 (统一格式) Properties of Materials Mechanical properties ? structural materials Chemical properties Physical properties ? functional materials Magnetic properties Thermal conductivity Electrical conductivity, Insulating properties Optical properties Acoustic properties Physical Properties and Functional Materials Part 1 Magnetic Properties and Magnetic Materials （材料的磁性能和磁性材料） Outline Preface Basic concepts of magnetism Fundamental magnetism Permanent magnetic materials Soft magnetic materials Magnetic recording Other magnetic materials Magnetic measurements Lodestone Now, we refer to these natural magnets as lodestones (also spelled loadstone; lode means to lead or to attract) which contain magnetite, a natural magnetic material Fe3O4. When lightning strikes the earth it could create a magnetic field large enough to saturate the magnetization of lodestone . History  Electrified Amber attracts small objects Lodestone attracts iron Henry’s work: a lesson! Basic concepts Magnetic field H（磁场, A/m） A force field similar to the gravitational and electrical field, detected by a probe. A magnetic field exerts a torque which orients dipoles with the field. Direction of magnetic field at any point is defined as the direction of motion of a charged particle on which the magnetic field would not exert a force. Magnetic field lines describe the structure of magnetic fields in three dimensions. Magnetic field strength H For a magnet Basic concepts Magnetic moment（磁矩）