第四章运输方式..docVIP

第四章　运输方式 第一节　海洋运输 海上运输 Marine Transportation There is a wide range of maritime cargo handled at seaport terminals. 运输方式 1、班轮运输（Liner Transport） A vessel operated a regular scheduled, service on a fixed route between designated ports and carries many different goods. （1）characteristic　 　　have a regular schedule　　 　　a fixed route　　　　 　　between the same ports 　　Freight rates unchanged 班轮的港口装卸由船方负责 特别适合于一般件杂货和集装箱货物的运输。 （3）计价标准 a.?? 按货物实际重量计收运费，即重量吨（W ） b.? 按体积/ 容积计收，“ 尺码吨” （Measurement Ton, M ） c.? 按重量或体积计收，由船公司选择其中收费较高者作为计费吨。（W/M ） d.? 按商品价格计收，即从价运费（Ad. Val，A.V ） 还有如W/M or ad. Val 及　W/M plus A.V. e.?? 按件数 f.?? 临时议定，open 2、租船运输（Charter Transport） Charter a whole vessel. It’s cheaper than the liner transportation, and it can choose the rout. So Bulk cargo always chooses charter transport. Types; 定期租船： A time charter is the hiring of a vessel for a specific period of time; the owner still manages the vessel but the charterer selects the ports and directs the vessel where to go. The charterer pays for all fuel the vessel consumes, port charges, and a daily hire to the owner of the vessel. 定程租船： Voyage charter： A voyage charter is the hiring of a vessel and crew for a voyage between a load port and a discharge port. The charterer pays the vessel owner on a per-ton or lump-sum basis. The owner pays the port costs (excluding stevedoring), fuel costs and crew costs. The payment for the use of the vessel is known as freight. A voyage charter specifies a period, known as laytime, for unloading the cargo. If lay time is exceeded超过, the charterer must pay demurrage逾期费. If lay time is saved, the charter party may require the ship-owner to pay dispatch派遣 to the charterer.[ 光船租船： A demise charter: The charterer obtains possession and full control of the vessel along with the legal and financial responsibility for it. The charterer pays for all operating expenses, including fuel, crew, port expenses and PI and hull insurance. Demis