Biopharmaceuticals 20120428课件.ppt

Diabetes – Insulin(Biochemical Role) Tyrosine Kinase receptors are the locks in which the insulin key fits - Involved in signal transduction (insulin hormone being 1st messenger) Insulin Signaling IR IRS PI(3)K Akt Glucose Transport Insulin How is Insulin Synthetically Produced by Recombinant DNA? Isolate Gene Prepare target DNA (cut plasmid ring open with special proteins) Insert DNA into plasmid (circular piece of DNA) Insert Plasmid back into cell Plasmid multiplies Target cells gathered and purified 7. Cells used are E.coli and yeast * Herbal Medicine TCM ,Traditional Chinese Medicine (K中药) Chemical drugs Antibiotics Biochemical drugs Biotech drugs (Biopharmaceuticals) :Legacy of past * Genius, 33,stanford professor 40 national academy of sciences 1984 Noble medicine prize 1975 * * Biopharmaceuticals are medical drugs (see pharmacology) produced using biotechnology. They are proteins (including antibodies), nucleic acids (DNA, RNA or antisense oligonucleotides) used for therapeutic or in vivo diagnostic purposes, and are produced by means other than direct extraction from a native (non-engineered) biological source. [1] by isolating the human insulin gene and engineering Escherichia coli to express human insulin * In 1889,Oskar Minkowski at the medical college of Strasbourg,they surgically removed the pancreas from a dog, In 1923,Banting and MacLeod won the Nobel Prize for their isolation of insulin. * January 25,1922 (just one month later).By 1923,pharmaceutical companies were supplying thousands of patients throughout the world with insulin extracted from porcine pancreas. * 霍金奇 Produced within the pancreas by b cells, islets of langerhans – identified by Paul Langerhans in 1869 Islets of Langerhans – 1 million islets a cells – secrete glucagons b cells – produce insulin, most abundant d cells – secrete somatostatin It is very difficult for small proteins to fold into stable structures so larger precursors are synthesized first Stor