PETROLEUM - JOM KIMIA A+石油化学+材料.DOCVIP

CARBOXILIC ACID General formula CnH2n+1COOH One hydrogen atom is replaced with functional group – COOH Why families known as carboxylic ‘acid’ Carboxyl group plays a vital role to gives acidic properties to carboxilic acid families. Molecular and Structural Formula n Name Molecular formula Mr Structural formula 0 Methanoic acid C0H2(0)+1COOH = HCOOH 46 O ║ H — C — OH 1 Ethanoic acid C1H2(1)+1COOH = CH3COOH [C2H4O2] 60 H O | ║ H — C — C — OH | H 2 Propanoic acid C2H2(2)+1COOH = C2H5COOH 74 H H O | | ║ H — C — C — C — OH | | H H 3 Butanoic acid Naming carboxilic acids Example 1: Example 2: Example 3: Example 4: Ethanoic Asid Can be prepared through oxidation of an ethanol. Chemical equation: This is carried out by refluxing ethanol with an oxidising agent such as acidified potassium dichromate(VI) or potassium manganate(VII) solution. Preparation of ethanoic acid through refluxing Condenser is used to prevent the loss of a volatile liquid by vaporisation. This method of retaining a volatile liquid during heating is called refluxing. How to carry out the activity? Physical Properties - pH less than 7 - sharp or unpleasant smell - turn moist blue litmus paper to red - colourless liquid Chemical Properties Acid Properties - Only hydrogen atom in the carboxyl group, [-COOH] can ionize in water to produce hydrogen ions, H+. Ethanoic acid is a weak acid. Why? - it dissociates in water partially, most of the molecules remain unchanged. Reactions with metals - Dilute ethanoic acid reacts with reactive metal (Zn, Mg, Al) to produce a salt and hydrogen gas. Reactions with bases - Dilute ethanoic acid neutralizes alkalis such as sod