第20章必讲 国际贸易融资课件.pptVIP

Chapter Outline A Typical Foreign Trade Transaction Forfaiting Government Assistance in Exporting（政府的出口支持） The Export-Import Bank and Affiliated Organizations（进出口银行及附属机构） Countertrade（对等贸易） Forms of Countertrade Generalizations（概括） about Countertrade 当今，任何国家不可能生产出国民所需要的一切。即便有可能，也无法在所有产品的生产上都比其他国家更有效率。如果没有国际贸易，稀缺资源就得不到最有效的利用。 与国内贸易相比，国际贸易困难更多，风险也更大。在对外贸易中，出口商可能并不了解买主，不清楚买主的信用程度。如果商品出口到国外，而买方拒付，那么出口商即便能诉诸于法律，其难度也很大。此外，政治的不稳定使得向某些国家出口商品具有风险。从进口商的角度看，预付货款的风险也很大，因为很可能发生交了钱却拿不到货的情况。 本章首先给出了一个虽然简单但很典型的外贸交易的例子。接着讨论贸易机制，主要描绘长期以来为防范风险、方便国际贸易而形成的制度安排。本章还将详细介绍对外贸易所必须的三种基本单据——信用证、汇票和提单，并将解释远期汇票如何成为银行承兑汇票乃至可议付的货币市场工具。 A Typical Foreign Trade Transaction Over the years, (centuries, really) an elaborate process has evolved for handling exports and imports. Figure 20.1 illustrates this process （下页PPT） Process of a Typical Foreign Trade Transaction  （不讲） Letter of Credit A guarantee from the importer’s bank that it will act on behalf of the importer and pay the exporter for the merchandise if all relevant documents specified in the letter of credit are presented according to the terms of the letter of credit. In essence, the importer’s bank is substituting its creditworthiness（信誉） for that of the importer. Time Draft（远期汇票） A written order instructs（通知、命令） the importer or his agent, the importer’s bank, to pay the amount specified on its face on a certain date. Bill of Lading A document issued by the common carrier specifying（说明） that it has received the goods for shipment; it can serve as title（所有权） for the goods. Banker’s Acceptances The exporter’s bank presents the shipping documents and the time draft to the importer’s bank. After taking title to the goods （货物所有权） via the bill of lading, the importer’s bank accepts the time draft. At this point the banker’s acceptance is created. It is a negotiable money market instrument. A secondary market exists for banker’s acceptances. Ba