UK-hitory.ppt

Objectives Acquire a general idea about the British history. Learn about the major stages and important figures in British history. Find out the influences of British history on other English speaking countries. Stonehenge巨石阵 One of the wonders of the world, which is believed to have been built from 4000 BC to 2000 BC. Now as a world heritage site, Stonehenge and all its surroundings remain powerful witnesses to the once great civilizations of the Stone and Bronze Ages. 1、封建时代以前 1) Early settlers: Iberians---6000 B.C. Beaker Folk---2000 B.C. Three waves of invasion from the Celts---700 B.C. Pushing into Scotland, The Romans built a gigantic wall, Hadrians Wall, to control the frontier. The Romans also brought the new religion, Christianity, to Britain. 3) Anglo-Saxon period In the middle of the 5th century, Anglo-Saxons settled here. English people owe much of their tradition, language, physical heritage to them (tall, fair-haired). Viking invasion: by the 8th, the Danish began to invade England in a successful way until Alfred the Great defeated them. Alfred the Great The first king in English history the father of the British navy translated a Latin book into English/established schools/formulated a legal system “Alfred the Great” Germanic tribes 日耳曼人是一些语言、文化和习俗相近的民族（部落社会）的总称。这些民族从前2千年到约4世纪生活在欧洲北部和中部。日耳曼人不称自己为日耳曼人。在他们的漫长历史中他们可能也没有将自己看作是同一个民族。民族大迁徙后从日耳曼人中演化出斯堪的纳维亚民族、英格兰人、弗里斯兰人和德意志人、荷兰人、瑞士的德意志人、加拿大、美国、澳大利亚和南非的许多白人。在奥地利也有许多日耳曼人后裔。许多这些新的民族今天都是与其它民族混合而成的。 Vikings 维京人（Viking）就是北欧海盗，生活在1000多年前的北欧，今天的挪威、丹麦和瑞典。他们从公元8世纪到11世纪一直侵扰欧洲沿海和英国岛屿，其足迹遍及从欧洲大陆至北极广阔疆域，欧洲这一时期被称为“维京时期”（Viking Age）。 Significance: The northern part remained independent Christianity had been gaining hold 4) The Norman Conquest After Edward (the last king of Saxons) died, Duke of Normandy---William I (William the Conqueror), was crowned in London in 1066. Significance: A new dynasty, a new aristocracy A strong Norman government, feudal system The upper ranks of the clergy were Normanized an