语法问题概论.ppt

Question 1 状语有哪些类型？ In expressing her love for you, my sister has also expressed mine.为何用in？ 英语中作状语的主要是副词、词组、非限定性动词短语和状语从句。有时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、让步、方式、比较、结果、伴随状语等。 In expressing her love for you, my sister has also expressed mine.为何用in？ Question 2 that引导的同位语从句与其引导的定语从句的区别 The news that our football team won the match was encouraging. The news that we heard on the radio was not true. 上面第一句中的that引导的是同位语从句，第二句中的that引导的是定语从句，两者看上去很相似，但如果我们稍微分析一下它们的句子结构及其在句中的作用，就不难发现两者的差异。 一、定义不同，作用不同 定语从句就是放在先行词（名词或代词）后面作定语修饰该词的主谓结构。That引导的定语从句主要起修饰或限定作用，在结构和意义上从句与先行词关系密切，如果去掉从句，剩下的部分就会意思不清楚，指代不明确。因此这种限制性定语从句绝对不能省去。 同位语从句就是放在先行词（名词或代词）后面用以说明或解释该词的性质或情况的主谓结构。它主要起说明或解释作用，在结构和意义上从句与先行词关系不是很紧，that在从句中不充当任何成分，所以去掉从句，主句的意义仍然成立。 二、关联词不同，作用不同 以上两个句子的关联词都是that，但引导定语从句的that叫关系代词，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语等。而引导同位语从句的that叫连词，只起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分。 如： A dictionary is a book that gives the meaning of words. 词典是解释词语的书。 (that在定语从句中作主语) The hope that he may recover is not gone yet. 他会康复的希望没有消失。(that引导同位语从句，在从句中不作任何成分) 三、引导定语从句的that可以省略，引导同位语从句的that一般不省略 在口语和非正式的书面语中，关系代词that在定语从句中作宾语或表语时可以省略，而引导同位语从句的连词that则一般不省略。 如： This is the house (that) they built last year. 这就是他们去年建造的房子。(that在定语从句中作宾语，可以省去) The fact that you haven’t enough time to do the work is simply unbelievable. 你没有足够的时间去做这件工作，这简直令人难以置信。 (that在同位语从句中不作任何成分，一般不省去) Question 3 名词性从句中的连接词如何判断 I found my homework was not as heavy as ______ I used to get in my old school. A. that B. what C. which D. / 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 二、连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, whichever, whomever 判断名词性从句的连接词，一般根据句子结构和成分来进行分析 Question 4 代词one, ones, that, those用法区别 ---Silly me! I forget what my luggage looks like. ---What do you think of ______ over there? A. the one B. this C. it D. that 一、one, ones, that, those的类似用法。 1. one用来指代“同名异物”的可数名词单数。 例如： （1）--- Do you have a car? ---Yes, I have one. I have a good one. (one = a car) （2）Yesterday I lost my pen. I’m going to buy one after school. (one = a pen) （3）The story he told us was more in