化工专业英语作业翻译.doc

专业英语课后作业翻译 Lesson 4 Introdution Organic Chemistry(p59) 有机化学简介 Because of the tremendous number of organic compounds known, and of the many more being synthesized daily, the study of organic chemistry is not the study of individual compounds , it is the study of groups or families of compounds all closely related to each other. Obviously, the former approach would be prohibitive. Once the structural relationships of certain typical member of a particular group or family are understood, these structural features are understood for any one of the many members of the family even though some may not be known compounds, For each group of family of compounds often called homologous sreies of compounds, structureal features are improtant. In studying organic chemistry, it is not enough to know the identities of the elements and how many atoms of each element are present in a given molecule. More improtantly, the order in which these atoms are linked together to form the molecule must aslo be known, Once the identities of the element and the number of atoms prsent in each of these element have been established, structural studies are quite improtant. They require considerable effort and ingenuity on the part of the organic chemist. 因为已知的有机化合物的数目庞大，而且还在逐日合成更多的品种，所以有机化学不是研究单个的化合物，而是把彼此密切相关的化合物按类或族来研究。显然，以前的方法是不可取的，一旦典型的一类特殊化合物被认识，这些结构特征将适用于这类化合物，甚至是一些未知的化合物，对于一类化合物经常称其为同系物。结构特征是非常重要的，只知道分子含有的元素和元素的原子个数是不够的，更重要的是知道原子组成分子的连接顺序，当元素及原子个数被确认之后，结构的研究也是很重要的，这些都需要有化学家的努力和聪明才智。 In summary, the following four steps are required in order to completely indentify any organic compound isolated for the first time from a natural source or produced for the first time in the laboratory: 总而言之，为了能完全区别那些第一次从自然资源中分离或是从实验室中生产出来的有机化合物，以下四个步骤是必须的： ( 1 ) Isolation of the compound from the mixture of organic or inorganic compounds among which it may be found , followed by application of appropriate criteria of purity. ( 1 )从被发现的有机或无机化合物中分离出来的物质，运用适当的标准检验其纯度。 ( 2 ) Establis