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The new written code turned out to be versatile, and soon writing was used in other ways. Sumerian scribes wrote the first major literary work known to Western civilization—the Epic of Gilgamesh. It was the story of a king who wanted to live forever. Perhaps the best-known of Mesopotamia’s civilizations was Babylon. During the second millennium B.C., it became the center of a kingdom that stretched across southern Iraq and beyond. Its hanging gardens were famous as a wonder of the ancient world, and its king, Hammurabi, created a remarkable collection of laws, written on clay tablets and in st