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杭州电子科技大学信息工程学院 毕业设计（论文）外文文献翻译 毕业设计（论文）题目 土木工程项目分包管理探讨 ——以奉贤二建南桥动迁项目为例 翻译题目 系 管理工程 专 业 工商管理 姓 名 李程浩 班 级 学 号 指导教师 徐建新 Problems with specialist subcontracting in the construction industry Why subcontracting in buildingdevelopment projects? The demands for facilities that can meet the latest and foreseeable future needs of commercial activities; for safer, healthier and more comfortable indoor environments; and for more sustainable buildings are strong impetuses to introducing new technologies into buildings. New technologies are introduced into buildings either as a new trade of works(eg, building automation system) or as additional or enhanced components in traditional trades of works (eg, variable speed drives in air-conditioning systems and T5 lamps in lighting systems). Economic 憄roduction?of modern buildings requires the concerted efforts of a range of specialists, including project managers, designers and contractors. Specialist works are typically procured through subcontracting, as they are outside the capability of, and would be uneconomical for a single general contractor to undertake, but they involve interfacingconnections with other works and require proper coordination with other trades of works in the same building.Furthermore, it is more economical for the main contractor to organize the provisions needed by different parties working on the same site, such as tower cranes, hoists and scaffolding, site electricity and water supplies, provisions for ensuring site safety and security, etc. The contribution of specialist subcontractors is no longer limited to manufacture, supply and fix activities according to well-defined specifications and drawings but increasingly also includes their design inputs. Subcontracting has been a long-standing practice in the construction industry. Why and under what circumstances to subcontract have been extensively studied, especially by economists.Evolved fr