能量守恒定基础.pptVIP

Energy Conservation (Bernoulli’s Equation) Energy Conservation (cont.) Energy Equation(cont.) Energy conservation (cont.) Energy conservation(cont.) Energy conservation (cont.) Frictional losses in piping system Energy Conservation (cont.) Energy Conservation (cont.) Energy Conservation(cont.) * Integration of Euler’s equation Bernoulli’s equation Flow work + kinetic energy + potential energy = constant p A Dx Under the action of the pressure, the fluid element moves a distance Dx within time Dt The work done per unit time DW/Dt (flow power) is 碾跪翻民爹表沈陡孔住缴输例姥待狄遂潜矫宣秃鬼冗盟啤凤邹抱笛麓帖委能量守恒定律基础能量守恒定律基础 It is valid for incompressible fluids, steady flow along a streamline, no energy loss due to friction, no heat transfer. Examples: Determine the velocity and mass flow rate of efflux from the circular hole (0.1 m dia.) at the bottom of the water tank (at this instant). The tank is open to the atmosphere and H=4 m H 1 2 p1 = p2, V1=0 闲搭积寓微骇葛寸铭蜘暇毗我表在归魔蔼胚吨巢雏笼壹楞涕斑疚脂茬摘串能量守恒定律基础能量守恒定律基础 Example: If the tank has a cross-sectional area of 1 m2, estimate the time required to drain the tank to level 2. h(t) 1 2 First, choose the control volume as enclosed by the dotted line. Specify h=h(t) as the water level as a function of time. 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 1 2 3 4 time (sec.) water height (m) 4 2.5e-007 h ( ) t 100 0 t 衔飘小革吓摆棺崎舒来油勿桃等侨三躇幅铃缕皿棕疏号平炒缩菇蹄良谊郝能量守恒定律基础能量守恒定律基础 Generalized energy concept: Energy added, hA (ex. pump, compressor) Energy extracted, hE (ex. turbine, windmill) Energy loss, hL (ex. friction, valve, expansion) pump turbine heat exchanger condenser hE hA hL, friction loss through pipes hL loss through elbows hL loss through valves 微偶寇进孩蹋茂幅荤一饺槐唆稿槐配熔逸果左织者返兄南矮喳绷搪刃累嫂能量守恒定律基础能量守恒定律基础 Examples: Determine the efficiency of the pump if the power input of the motor is measured to be 1.5 hp. It is known that the pump delivers 300 gal/min of water. pump Z=15 in 1 2 Mercury (?m=844.9 lb/ft3) water (?w=62.4 lb/ft3) 1 hp=550 lb-ft/s hE=hL=0, z1=z2 6-in dia. pipe 4-in dia.pipe Q=300