风格的要素TheElementsofStyle.docVIP

TheElements of Style by William Strunk, Jr. Professor of EnglishCornell University Privately PrintedIthaca, New York1918 Copyright1918By William Strunk, Jr. Press of W. P. Humphrey, Geneva, N.Y. Contents I. Introductory II. Elementary Rules of Usage 1. Form the possessive singular of nouns with s 2. In a series of three or more terms with a single conjunction, use a comma after each term except the last 3. Enclose parenthetic expressions between commas 4. Place a comma before and or but introducing an independent clause 5. Do not join independent clauses by a comma 6. Do not break sentences in two 7. A participial phrase at the beginning of a sentence must refer to the grammatical subject 8. Divide words at line-ends, in accordance with their formation and pronunciation III. Elementary Principles of Composition 9. Make the paragraph the unit of composition: one paragraph to each topic 10. As a rule, begin each paragraph with a topic sentence; end it in conformity with the beginning 11. Use the active voice 12. Put statements in positive form 13. Omit needless words 14. Avoid a succession of loose sentences 15. Express co-ordinate ideas in similar form 16. Keep related words together 17. In summaries, keep to one tense 18. Place the emphatic words of a sentence at the end IV. A Few Matters of Form V. Words and Expressions Commonly Misued VI. Words Commonly Misspelled The Elements of Style I. Introductory This book is intended for use in English courses in which the practice of composition is combined with the study of literature. It aims to give in brief space the principal requirements of plain English style. It aims to lighten the task of instructor and student by concentrating attention (in Chapters II and III) on a few essentials, the rules of usage and principles of composition most commonly violated. The numbers of the sections may be used as references in correcting manuscript. The book covers only a small portion of the field of English style, but t