第08章 心脏瓣膜病课件.pptVIP

Valvular Heart Disease 心脏瓣膜病 Mitral valve disease 二尖瓣疾病 Mitral stenosis (MS) 二尖瓣狭窄 Etiology and Pathology（病因和病理） Rheumatic heart disease (风湿性心脏病) Congenital malformation (先天性畸形) Senile mitral annulus and subvalvular calcification (老年人二尖瓣环及环下区钙化) Pathophysiology(病理生理) The cross-sectional area of the mitral valve orifice (瓣环口面积） Normal adults 4 - 6cm2 Mild MS ≤2cm2 Moderate MS ≤1.5cm2 Severe MS ≤1.0cm2 Remarks (备注) PAP：肺动脉压 PCP：肺毛细血管压 PVP肺静脉压 Clinical situation(临床表现) 一、Symptom (中度狭窄始出现症状) Exertion dyspnea(劳力性呼吸困难) Hemoptysis(咯血) 支气管静脉压↑破裂出血 肺梗死 肺水