高电压技术作者吴广宁第三章3.2课件.pptVIP

3.2.1 液体电介质的离子电导 3.2.1 Ionic conductance of liquid dielectrics 3.2.2 液体电介质的电泳电导与华尔屯定律 3.2.2 Electrophoresis conductance and Walden laws of liquid dielectrics 3.2.3 液体电介质在强电场下的电导 3.3.3 Conductance of liquid dielectrics in high field strength 3.2 液体电介质的电导 3.2 Conductance of liquid dielectrics 本节内容 Contents in this section 本征离子是指由组成液体本身的基本分子热离解而产生的离子。 Intrinsic ionic refers to ionic produced by the basic molecule of liquid in thermal dissociation. 杂质离子是指由外来杂质分子或液体的基本分子老化的产物离解而 生成的离子。 Impurity ionic refers to the ionic produced by dissociation of external impurities and liquid basic molecule ageing. 极性液体分子和杂质分子在液体中仅有极少的一部分离解成为离 子，可能参与导电。 Only a small part of polarity liquid molecule and impurity molecule will dissociate to ionic, and may be in conduction. 2.2.1 液体电介质的离子电导 2.2.1 Ionic conductance of liquid dielectrics 1. 液体电介质中离子的来源 The source of ions in liquid dielectrics 离子电导可分为本征离子电导和杂质离子电导。 Ionic conduction can be divided into intrinsic and impurity ionic conduction 2.液体电介质中的离子迁移率 Ion mobility of liquid electrolyte 液体分子之间的距离远小于气体而与固体相接近，其微观结构与非晶态固体类似，液体分子的结构具有短程有序性。另一方面，液体分子的热运动比固体强，分子有强烈的迁移现象。 The distance between liquid molecules much less then gas but close to solid, and the microstructure is similar to non-crystalline solid, featured in short-distance and orders. On the other hand, the thermal motion of liquid molecule is faster than solid while the molecular migration is intensive. 液体中的离子所处的状态与分子相似，可用如图3-5 的势能图来描述液体中离子的运动状态。 Ionic in liquid is in a state like molecular, available potential energy diagram in Figure 3-5 describes the movement of ions in liquid. 可以认为液体中的分子在一段时间内是与几个邻近分子束缚在一起，在某一平衡位置附近作振动；而在另一段时间，分子因碰撞得到较大的动能，使它与相邻分子分开，迁移至与分子尺寸可相比较的一段路径后，再次被束缚。 It can be assumed that liquid molecule is bound up with other molecules nearby for a while, and vibrates at a certain balance position. Sometimes molecule obtains great kinetic energy from coll