《托福阅读高级文章汇总整理.docxVIP

智课网TOEFL备考资料托福阅读高级文章汇总整理 摘要： 托福阅读高级文章汇总整理，将阅读考试中常见的考试阅读进行了整理，通过这些文章的复习学习，相信对大家的托福阅读的提高有所帮助。想要在阅读考试中取得好成绩，就赶快来看这些高级文章吧! 扫码下载APP获取最新最全的 托福 阅读高级文章汇总 Human Immune System The key to the human immune system is its ability to distinguish between self and nonself. Molecules that mark a cell as self are encoded by a group of genes contained in a section of a specific chromosome and are known as the major histocompatibility complex, or MHC. An antigen, which is any substance such as a virus, a bacterium, a fungus, or a parasite that is capable of triggering a response, announces its foreignness by means of intricate and characteristic shapes called epitopes, which protrude from its surface. Cells in the immune system are capable of recognizing an endless variety of distinguishable epitopes; the body will even reject nourishing proteins unless they are first broken down by the digestive system into their primary, nonantigenic building blocks. Tissues or cells from another individual, except an identical twin whose cells carry identical self-markers, also act as antigens. Because MHC genes and the molecules they encode vary widely in the details of their structure from one individual to another - a diversity known as polymorphism, transplants are very likely to be identified as foreign by the immune system and rejected. Lungs The lungs, shaped roughly like triangles or pyramids, rest in the chest cavity on the diaphragm (a muscular tissue that separates the abdominal cavity from the chest). They are separated by the large blood vessels, the esophagus, and the heart. The main function of the lungs is to keep the body supplied with oxygen (lungs are unnecessary in water-dwelling animals as water removes the waste gases and supplies the cells with the needed oxygen). When oxygen enters the lungs, it permeates the walls of the air ascs and is absorbed into the bloodstream. The blood travels through the body, giving oxygen to the tissues and receiving carbon dioxide. The lung