翻译中的形合与意合.ppt

第三章 形合与意合 Hypotactic vs．Paratactic 第三章 形合与意合 Hypotactic vs．Paratactic 一、英语的形合法 1、关系词和连接词 2、介词 3、其他连接手段 二、汉语的意合法 1、语序 2、反复、排比、对偶、对照等 3、紧缩句 4、四字格 三、英汉互译 形合：词语或分句之间用语言形式手段（如关联词）连接起来，表达语法意义和逻辑关系。 意合：词语或分句之间不用语言形式手段连接，句中的语法意义和逻辑关系通过词语或分句的含义表达。 Hypotaxis: The dependent or subordinate construction or relationship of clauses with connectives. e.g.: I shall despair if yon dont come. Parataxis: The arranging of clauses one after the other without connectives showing the relation between them. e.g.: The rain fell; the river flooded; the house washed away. 英语造句主要采用形合法。 汉语造句主要采用意合法。 一、英语的形合法 英语造句注重显性接应(overt cohesion)、句子形式、结构完整、以形显义 英语句中的连接手段和形式(cohesive ties) 不仅数量大，种类多，而且用得十分频繁 coherence （连贯）：the relationships which link the meanings of UTTERANCES in a DISCOURSE or of the sentences in a text. 连接语篇中话语的意义或语段中句子的意义的关系。 These links may be based on the speakers’ shared knowledge. For example -- A: Could you give me a lift home? B: Sorry, I’m visiting my sister. There is no grammatical or lexical link between As question and B’s reply, but the exchange has coherence because both A and B know that Bs sister lives in the opposite direction to As home. cohesion （连结）：the grammatical and/or lexical relationships between the different elements of a text. This may be the relationship between different sentences or between different parts of a sentence. 语段中不同部分之间的语法和／或词汇关系，这种联系可能存在于一个句子中不同部分之间。 For example: 1. A: Is Jenny coming to the party? B: Yes, she is. There is a link between Jenny and she and also between is…coming and is. 2. If you are going to London, I can give you the address of a good hotel there. the link is between London and there. 1、关系词和连接词 关系词，如 who, whom, whose, that, which, what, when, where, why, how 等 连接词， 如 and, or, but, yet, so, however, as well as, (n)either … (n)or …, when, while, as, since, until, so-that, unless, lest 等 英语造句几乎离不开这些关系词和连接 词，汉语则少用甚至不用这类词。 译例 1 All wa