(正式编辑稿二)非经营性国有资产与民法调整对象素材.doc

非经营性国有资产与民法调整对象 (广西教育学院 530023) 鲍家志 摘要：国家对国有资产监管的重点已转向非经营性国有资产，现行以公法监控机制规范非经营性国有资产未见显著成效下，有必要确立其私法监控机制，而探索民法是否或如何调整非经营性国有资产是一个核心的理论问题。随着现代民法理论研究的深入，民法调整对象的“平等主体关系说”不断受到质疑，民法也并非纯粹的私法。非经营性国有资产本质上是一种财产，是一种混合性的法律关系，为了有效地确立其私法监控机制，民法调整非经营性国有资产有着深层次的法律意义。 关键词：非经营性国有资产 民法调整对象 平等主体关系说 Non-operating State-owned Assets and Civil Law Regulating Objects (Guangxi College of Education 530023) Bao Jiazhi 【Abstract】 The focus of the country for the state-owned assets supervision has turned to non-operating state-owned assets. The achievements of the current monitoring system in public law normalizing non-operating state-owned assets are not obviously seen, so it is necessary to establish its private law monitoring mechanism. However, it is a theoretical core issue to study whether or how civil law can adjust the non-operating state-owned assets. With the further theoretical research of the modern civil law, the theory of equal main body relations on civil law regulating objects is questioned continuously. In fact, civil law is not purely private law. As is known to all, non-operating state-owned assets is essentially a kind of property and a kind of mixed legal relationship as well.Therefore, in order to establish efficiently monitoring mechanism in private law, it is legally significant that civil law shall adjust the non-operating state-owned assets. 【Key words】 non-profit state-owned property; civil law regulating objects; theory of equal main body relations. 引言 非经营性国有资产是行政事业单位正常运转的物质基石。随着国家经济改革重心的转移，国家对国有资产监管的重点已转向非经营性国有资产。非经营性国有资产非运动性和非增值性的特性决定其具有很强的外部性和非竞争性，容易酝酿出资产流失的温床，所有权行使主体与使用者之间又存在着客观上的分离状态，为其提供了“肾上腺素”，从而衍生层出不穷的社会问题。非经营性国有资产固然有属于其领域的特殊问题，但其监控机制无疑应以法律作为规范的理性工具。中国语境下的非经营性国有资产与大陆法系国家的 “公物”或“公产”制度相似，近晚以来大陆法系国家将国家公产纳入公法调整，形成了有似“守恒定律”般的立法趋势。对此，我国主流学者主张非经营性国有资产应由公法规范，但至今未收到显著的成效，这说明公法监控机制一定存在着问题，需借助于私法调整机制。因而，构建非经营性国有资产私法监控机制，需要考究中国民法调整对象的重新定位和中国民法是否调整非经营性国有资产。 一 民法调整对象“平等主体关系说”的反思 在大陆法系上，“公法和私法的区别，是现代整个法秩序的基础”。德国民