2015国培语法.pptxVIP

Teaching GrammarAn Liu Jixin 刘 吉 欣 beeljx80@art One The Role of Grammar in Language TeachingChomsky’s TG LinguisticsKrashen’s Monitor Modal Chomsky’s TG Linguistics As for the construct of a sentence, TG grammar describes it as composed of a deep structure, a surface structure and some transformational rules. The former may be defined as the abstract representation of the syntactic properties of a construction. The latter is the final stage in the syntactic derivation of a construction, which closely corresponds to the structural organization of a construction people actually produce and receive. S NPVPDetNPNVDetNThe breakboythewindowThe boy broke the window.The window is broken by the boy. Did the boy broke the window?Krashen’s Monitor modal The Monitor Hypothesis points that acquisition and learning are used in very specific ways. Normally, acquisition “initiates” our utterances in a second language and is responsible for our fluency. Learning has only one function, and that is as a monitor or editor. Learning comes into play only to make changes in the form of the our utterance, after it has been “produced” by the acquired system. See the following figure. Learned competence (the Monitor) Acquired output Competence Conscious learning is available only as a “monitor”, which can alter the output of the acquisition system before or after the utterance is actually spoken or written. It is the acquired system which initiates normal, fluent speech utterances.Part Two Teaching ModelsThe deductive methodThe inductive methodThe guided discovery methodThe deductive methodStep One Sample sentenceStep Two Explicit rule explanation Step Three Comparison between native language and target languageStep Four Sentence productionThe inductive methodStep One Authentic language data presentationStep Two Realization of language rules by students Step Three Production of sentences Step Four