014P4U1AProcessControlSystem.ppt

* * P4UIA A Process Control System 第四部分第一单元课文A 过程控制系统 A Process Control System The principal purpose of this part is to present you, the reader, with the need for automatic process control and to motivate you to study it. Automatic process control is concerned with maintaining process variables, temperatures, pressures, flows, compositions, and the like at some desired operating value. As we shall see in the ensuing pages, processes are dynamic in nature. Changes are always occurring, and if actions are not taken, the important process variables—those related to safety, product quality, and production rates--will not achieve design conditions. 此部分的主要目的是满足读者对自动过程控制的需要和激励读者来学习。自动过程控制与持续过程变量、温度、压力、流量、成分和期望操作值一类的量有关。正如我们在后续的章节中所看到的，过程本身是动态的。变化不断发生，并且如果激励未加入，重要的过程变量——与安全有关的变量、产品质量和生产率——将不能获得期望值。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. P4UIA A Process Control System 第四部分第一单元课文A 过程控制系统 In order to fix ideas, let us consider a heat exchanger in which a process stream is heated by condensing steam. The process is sketched in Fig. 4-lA-1. The purpose of this unit is to heat the process fluid from some inlet temperature, Ti(t), up to a certain desired outlet temperature, T(t). As mentioned, the heating medium is condensing steam. 为了强化概念，让我们来考虑一个过程流通过浓缩（冷凝）流加热的热变换器，其过程框图如图4-1A-1. 此单元的目的是把一过程流从某一入口温度Ti(t)加热到某一期望出口温度T(t)。如前所述，加热媒质是浓缩流。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. P4UIA A Process Control System 第四部分第一单元课文A 过程控制系统 The energy gained by the process fluid is equal to the heat released by the steam, provided there are no heat losses to surroundings，that is, the heat exchanger and piping are well insulated. In this case the heat rel