MankiwEconomicsChap26中山大学吴柏林教授“曼昆·经济学原理”绝密资料.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Three Possible Reasons for an Above-Equilibrium Wage Minimum-wage laws Unions Efficiency wages Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Minimum-Wage Laws When the minimum wage is set above the level that balances supply and demand, it creates unemployment. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Unemployment from a Wage Above the Equilibrium Level... WE Quantity of Labor LE 0 Labor demand Wage Surplus of labor = Unemployment Minimum wage LD LS Labor supply Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Unions and Collective Bargaining A union is a worker association that bargains with employers over wages and working conditions. In the 1940s and 1950s, when unions were at their peak, about a third of the U.S. labor force was unionized. A union is a type of cartel attempting to exert its market power. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Unions and Collective Bargaining The process by which unions and firms agree on the terms of employment is called collective bargaining. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Unions and Collective Bargaining A strike will be organized if the union and the firm cannot reach an agreement. A strike refers to when the union organizes a withdrawal of labor from the firm. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Unions and Collective Bargaining A strike makes some workers better off and other workers worse off. Workers in unions (insiders) reap the benefits of collective bargaining, while workers not in the union (outsiders) bear some of the cost